Phu Quoc Island: bowl boats & 1st dog domestication

Earliest Human Y DNA: Mbo, Cameroon, Africa (Mbuti/mbi-aka/mbo-tswa-na)Bowl boat coracle - woven: Mbotai, Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam (bow/bowl/boat/baskettle)
Fire-Food: Xam- yam (nyummy), clam(ngulam), ham(pig+hound), shellfish(ketam), fish(ikan)

Earliest Human: fire spindrill (from Neanderthal) Xamax/Shamash (lamp/candle/Sumer sun god)
Xam-Mbo-Đằ-ya/Bách Việt (Chinese: 百越; pinyin: Bǎiyuè)
Xam+Mbo+tl-ay-a: champa/china=xiongua/cambodia/thai=atalaya/malaya/himba=bimbache(CI)
Earliest dog domestication: Mbotai, Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam; Kampot, Cambodia
Earliest horse domestication: Botai, Caspian-Crimea, Ukraine

http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/vietnam-in-photos/56181/exploring-the-four-special-dog-breeds-of-vietnam.html
http://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/special-report/13709/seeking-the-origin-of-phu-quoc-ridgeback.html

 

click to enlarge

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks

The Phu Quoc Dog is one of three rare dogs with a whorl on its back.
They are famous for hunting and protecting houses, for their friendship and loyalty to owners, and fearlessness against competitors.

©2009 Squeakie Ice Travel Guides Photos:ABDPhoto

Phu Quoc DogsImage 3 of 3

http://www.squeakieice.com/phu-quoc-travel-guide/phu-quoc-exports.html



  Another point of interest in Phú Quôc is the island's native dog; this dog was originally a wild animal and later trained as a hunting dog by local people. These days they are very domesticated and it's unusual to go anywhere on the island without seeing one of these dogs! These animals have unusually sharp teeth (as they tear their food when they eat it rather than bite) and have claws that over the years have been conditioned for catching their prey and are razor sharp. [Note: the hairless Chinese crested, chihuahua and Peruvian mohawk dogs have unusual teeth, possibly related to the EDAR mutation which causes more eccrine sweat glands, smaller breasts and reduced hair in humans, this might be selected for in starch-digestion amylase production (dogs and humans have greatly increased amylase capacity vs wolves and apes).


An older man on Phu Quoc named Sau Khuong says there were at least three kinds of Phu Quoc ridgebacks a century ago.

One was found in Cua Can, Ba Trai, and Dong Ba and was small, weighed 12-16kg, but was swift and skillful in finding and chasing prey. A second kind was commonly found in Bac Dao and weighed around 20kg. It could bring down large prey like deer and take on wild boars. The smallest was found in Suoi Tranh and Suoi Da.

“It was so small that it could not climb past a fallen trunk but possessed an excellent sense of smell and was ferocious,” Chin Cua Dinh, a hunter and an island native, says.

A pack of hunting dogs has three to six individuals each with different skills like scenting, biting, and chasing. They are usually named after their skills. Thus, when a hunter shouts “Bite it” or “Chase it,” the dog named Bite or Chase would do the job.

Since hunters prefer dogs with colors that could blend into the forest, brown, yellow, grey, and black were the favorites, and white and those with spots are not liked much. Those with dew claws – a vestigial digit on the feet of many mammals -- are not preferred either since they could easily get stuck while hunting.

The leader of a pack must be sensitive to scents in the air to identify prey while the rest are good at picking up scents from the soil. The former therefore have a deep philtrum, the cleft beneath the noses of most mammals while the latter have shallow clefts.

Tapering bodies, deep chests, and shoulders that are lower than their bottoms indicate endurance and animals with these features are ideal for the long chase. Those with straight and slim legs are considered fast.

Hunter Minh Dia says a dog with a well-proportioned ridge running from shoulder to waist is battle-hardened. He also claims it is only good if tails incline left in males and right in females.

A major risk for the purebred Phu Quoc ridgeback comes from the popularity of the Thai ridgeback since some breeders intentionally cross them. Now there are an estimated 800 dogs bred in this manner in Vietnam.

The VKA is considering a ban on Phu-Thai ridgebacks participating in dog shows in Vietnam to protect the purebred Phu Quoc dogs, VKA member Bui Quoc Viet says.

“What we need now is World Canine Organization recognition for a primitive purebred Phu Quoc ridgeback, not for a new race of ridgeback.”

Vietnam has applied to the FCI to register the dog as a “primitive type of hunting dog with a ridge on the back” and it is now under consideration.

Tuoi Tre/Thanh Nien






http://dxing.at-communication.com/en/3w4jk_phu-quoc-island/

Main Page » 3W4JK Phu Quoc Island 3w4jk,phu quoc island Leave a comment Read comments SP5APW will be active from Phu Quoc Island (IOTA AS-128) 7-12 March 2012 as 3W4JK He will be active on 40-6m SSB , RTTY , PSK31 QSL via home call More Sharing ServicesShare|Share on linkedinShare on facebookShare on twitterShare on email 3w4jk , phu quoc island Leave a comment Read comments Main Page » Codan 2110M-B125 Military Base Radio

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Travel Wallpapers

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http://www.wallpaperstravel.com/view/phu-quoc-island-vietnam-1280x800-travel.html


http://www.phu-quoc.de/pages_eng/karte_viet.html

http://www.terragalleria.com/black-white/vietnam/picture.viet50167-bw.html
http://discoveryindochina.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/thuyen-thung/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544937/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbo_people_(Cameroon)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_Region_(Cameroon)

Are these bowl boats (Vietnamese: Thung Chai) masted for sails, parasols, nets or rudder oars? Note the red lights on top, probably for night fishing, including squid.

Phu Quoc island is mountainous within a fairly flat lowland region of the Tonle Sap lake and Mekong delta. Phu Quoc, known as Koh Tral by Cambodians (Cambodia is only 12-15 km away), is the largest island of Vietnam. Situated in the Gulf of Thailand, the island is part of Kiên Giang province.  Duong Dong, halfway up the western coast, is a pleasant, unremarkable seaport with several 'nuoc mam' (fish sauce) factories (and Dinh Cau, a temple to the Whale God, full of skeletons of whales and other marine mammals used by cult devotees). Kampot is just eastwards in mainland Cambodia also grows black pepper on its mountainsides. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampot_(town)

Quoc means national, I haven't found what the meaning of Phu Quoc is.

Diving around Phu Quoc island: north end 10m deep, south end 40m deep



Gulf of Thailand: A semi-enclosed extension of the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand lies between the Malay Peninsula and Indochina. Its shallow waters are largely fed by fresh river water inflow, principally from the Chao Phraya River. This river input gives the surface waters a relatively low salinity, while salt water from the main part of the South China Sea only enters deep down, pooling in areas deeper than 160 ft (50 m). Coral reefs thrive in the warm water, and there is a strong tourist industry based around good dive sites, such as the island of Ko Samui. Mangrove forests provide a buffer between land and sea along much of the coast, offering a habitat to many marine organisms

21ka - 8ka  During the last Ice Age much of the Sunda Shelf of the South China Sea region was above sea level, with rainforest, wetlands and savanna: http://mnskuching.blogspot.com/2010/02/ice-age-mammals-of-borneo_07.html


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus_pallipes Indian wolf, genetically closest to dogs,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_domestication  Coppinger: "My argument is that what domesticated—or tame—means is to be able to eat in the presence of human beings. That is the thing that wild wolves can't do."^[15]

Phu Quoc dogs, being long islanded smallish Asian wolves lost some of their predatorial nature/fear (cf dodo bird) before being domesticated/domed by humans. Women made and owned the dome huts/boats, allowed a favored female dog (bitch) subordinate status (protector against rape/theft of food supply), male humans had to bring food to woman for status/sex/domeshelter, while male wolfdogs were excluded from the dome but favorites were allowed/fed around the area during bitch's estrus which selected for social control.  In Africa and west Asia/Europe, this changed, due to preferences of dogs especially for both bowl-boat/sled pulling and hunting, such as the "ari" Hottentot ridgeback hunting dog and Congo pygmy's basenji, these were sources of large/fierce northern dogs(mastiff/misatim~basenji/bay-bark+anjin/gou=dingo)

In 2008, re-examination of material excavated from Goyet Cave in Belgium in the late 19th century resulted in the identification of a 31,700 year old dog, a large and powerful animal who ate reindeer, musk oxen and horses. This dog was part of the Aurignacian culture that had produced the art in Chauvet Cave.^[22][23]

 

In 2010, the remains of a 33,000 year old dog were found in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia.^[24][25] DNA analysis published in 2013 affirmed that it was more closely related to modern dogs than to wolves.^[26] In 2011, the skeleton of a 26,000 to 27,000 year old dog was found in the Czech Republic.
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Addendum:

Check out the "Sa'Och Por" or "Samre Pear" Negrito people of Chanthaburi Thai/Cambodia, possibly link of bow/abu/boat/beo/port/board/Mbo/Botai/bolt/bury/body/potl
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear_people

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Replies

carlos lascoutx6 April 2013 16:20
...part of the early slave trade, the Pear=Par(Fr)=pal(N)=(bound)for(market).
...rotak(P)=bean=etl(N),=tataca(N)=dig/hoe=
Coatl(N/5 Tonalamatl))=coatl(N)=tool of copper
with wodden handle; type of shovel or azadón(sp)=
hoe=howa(AL)=houwa(OHG)=coatl(N).
...houm(P)=bathe,=pom(Mayan)=popoca(N)=perfume.
...phlouh(P)=blow(E)=plow(E)=power/flower(E)=
poa/opouh(N).
...tok(P)=boat=potli(N),=toca(N)=to/our being/ca,=tloc(N)=beside,=dock/locate.
...khos(P)=charcoal(E)=kh/ch/Coatl(N/5 Tona).
...goul(P)=cloud=cotona(N),=coloa(N)=coil/curl.
...thim(P)=cook=icuci/cuxtia/ixca/oicac(N),=
timaloa(N)=supperate(pun), e.g., boil&boil=
olinia(N).
...khmuc(P)=die,=kh/k/ca muchi(N)=being all.
...ches(P)=deer,=ce(N)=one offering=uentli(N)=
ciervo/cerf, but, chia/chie/ochix(N)=to wait
for someone, e.g., oc xic-chia(N)=wait a bit.
...hauc(P)=die,=h/th/toca(N)=sow and bury, e.g.
le tocó(sp)=it touched him.
...pik(P)=dig,=pi/opic(N)=pick(E).
...lak(P)=drag(E)=dr/tlaca(N)=body.
...tak(P)=drink(E)=i(N),=tlaca(N)=body.
...poul(P)=drunk,=poliuhqui(N)=pulque/polluted,and, potli(N)=pool(E).
...tea(P)=duck,=teal=telink(MLG)=teling(Du)=
tleco(N)=to rise/leg. of unkn. origin says
Onions.
...thuk/touk(P)=East(where Sun rises),=to/our
being/ca, tonalli(N)=soul of our Universe.
...BeOThuk=be/peua Ollin Toca(N)=begins in
the Holy East/Our Being, say the Toniit.
...thek(P)=earth=hearth/heart=tletl(N)=fire,=
tleco(N)=to rise/leg/location.
...toun(P)=egg,=Tonatiuh(N)=the yolk Sun.
...mat(P)=eye=meya/omex(N)=me(J)=metl(N)=mati
(N)=to know,=ma/oma(N)=hunt land/sea with net=
matlatl(N).
...phleo(P)=fire/pyre(E)=piloa(N)=spill(E).
...jan(P)=gibbon,=yani(N)=pilgrim, uan(N)=
relation(to be frank).
...hak(P)=give,=maca(N)=hand be,=h/th/t/tlaca=
body, in Nauatl.
...tou(P)=go,=-to(N/verb declension=towards)=
to go/ir(sp).
...suc(P)=hair=tzontli(N),=tzocatl(N)=wrinkle,
=socket/sock(E)=zoka(J)=creation.
...ti(P)=hand=h/th/t/tlan d/tli=tlantli(N)=
antler(E)=tooth/diente(sp),=maite(Basque)=mate
(E)=te(J)=hand,=aite(J)=mate/spouse, ai(J)=love/blue=matlalli(N)=netland.
Pears speak SeaLang, shipped in by Japanese/
Arab Sea people, cf., Cema Naga(Assam), who
underwent similar pillage.
Delete





carlos lascoutx6 April 2013 18:22
...Pearic:
...ou(P)=father,=otosan/otona(J)=oyaji(J):
...kantun(P)=rabbit,=ka/ca tonatiuh(N)=sun being
...kos(P)=hawk,=Cozcacuauhtli(N/16 Tona)=king
Buzzard,=cozcatl(N)=cross(E)=kosa(J)=crossing.
...tos(P)=head,=tozcatl(N)=t/th(r)o(zc)oat/l=
throat(e):
...chil(P)=heart/mind,=chilli(N)=red pepper.
...mis(P)=name(E)=na-miqui(N)=marry/struggle;
nami(J)=wave/billow,=-nami(J/sfx)=treat someone as one of the family.
...tao(P)=pod/ear,=tlaolli(N)=take corn off
the cob,=tha(Otomitl Amerind=otome(J)=maiden)=
corn.
...rap(P)=wash,=r/tlapacatl(N)=lavar ropa(sp)/
wash,=rap(OE/OFrisian)=r/t/lapa(N)=rope=
nawa(J)=Nauatl(N).
Delete






Reply

DDeden16 April 2013 08:35

"note eliding (l)of ko(l)ko, the k/g shift of ko(l)ko/go(l)go. .."

pukul (Malay) beat (gong/clock)
pulku (Lapp) boat (pulled sledboat)
pulling makes path = direction
punting/poking = suck(el)ing out/in, socket

harpoon hook-barb + punt/spoon?

ReplyDelete

carlos lascoutx16 April 2013 09:37

...suck(E)=tzocatl(N)=sugar(E)=azucar(sp).
...poling(E)=each of 2 points in celestial/ocelot(N/14 Tonalamatl)=sphere,=potli(N)=
pool/punt/pull/both forward and back, side to side,=
patla(N)=swap/paddle.

ReplyDelete

DDeden16 April 2013 09:57

"...thim(P)=cook=icuci/cuxtia/ixca/oicac(N),=
timaloa(N)=supperate(pun), e.g., boil&boil=
olinia(N)."

Thimbu River, roiling whitewater to Bhutan
Himba(ghee-jelled-greased hair)/Tibet(ghee-oiled bowlboat yakskin)/Himalaya(rim(e)-layered/land)

"...ches(P)=deer,=ce(N)=one offering=uentli(N)=
ciervo/cerf, but, chia/chie/ochix(N)=to wait
for someone, e.g., oc xic-chia(N)=wait a bit. "

ches, cf schield, wait at river (on shore or in bowlboat) for deer/horses to swim river, use punt-pole with end loop to slip over its head (but not strangle) cf lariat la riat/lasso/(Lhasa?)/toss(tos(P) head) (later cowboys on horses hand(h)eld rope "spoke"=punt, keeping a circle of rope spinning by partial twisting it in palm cf Chinese circle/wheel=gulu, net=gu; Malay 10 =se-pulu = punt + hoop = 1 + 0); pony-polo

"...mis(P)=name(E)=na-miqui(N)=marry/struggle;
nami(J)=wave/billow,=-nami(J/sfx)=treat someone as one of the family"

Namaqualand(Botswana) = Nagaland(Assam) = NamViet(old name)=Nam Yueh(Chin)~Yueh Zhi(PIE Toch?)
Han/Xionghua vs Hun/Xiongnu

"...suc(P)=hair=tzontli(N),=tzocatl(N)=wrinkle,
=socket/sock(E)=zoka(J)=creation."

suc = hair = fiber(hemp/kemp) of rope loop(cycle=socket) tossed/cassok-khazakh = Botai/XmBotlay/Khampa horse herders

Kokonor: Kham homeland; Numerous rivers, including the Mekong, Yangtze, Yalong Jiang, and the Salween flow through Kham.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kham
http://thomaslkelly.smugmug.com/REPORTAGE/TIBETAN-DIASPORA/8368547_BTHk6v#!i=549014374&k=4r3nrL8
http://thomaslkelly.smugmug.com/EXHIBITION/Native-Graces/6984693_4jPH58/447036476_RcftrgR#!i=447036476&k=RcftrgR
Bhotia people, Cham dances, Kham horsemen, turquoise

 

 Cham Island, offshore central Vietnam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu_Lao_Cham_Marine_Park

Ly Son island corracle http://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/travel/11377/ly-son-island.html 

Guanche (Canari island language), Dravidian/Cham-Xambotlaya:

Bimbache	A people from Hierro	Vin-bach ("Land of the Brave")
Canarias	"Island of the Dogs"	Cham-ari ("Island of Cham") 3
Chenech (or Chinech or Achinech)	Local name of Tenerife	Che-nek ("Pure Land") 4
Echeyde (Teyde)	"The Luminous One"	Ecch-eyd or Chey-ide ("The White (or Fiery or Shiny) Mountain")
Gomera	One of the Canaries	Gomeda ("Fat Cattle") 5
Guacimara	Name of a royal princess	Kaci-mara ("Golden Beauty")
Guanche	(See note 6)	Cham-che ("The Golden Heroes") 6

3) Pliny, in his Natural History, affirms that the name of "Canaria" derives from the many dogs found on the island (Canis, in Latin). This is an exoterism, and the name indeed derives from that of Cham, the patriarch of the Chamites (or Ethiopians), the fallen ones. In reality, the word Cham means precisely the same as "Ethiopian" or "burnt-faces". The Dravidian etyms of the word Cham are highly enlightening. The word means both "artificer", "smith", "architect", as well as "fallen", destroyed", "dead", "terminated". Both in Dravida and in the Biblical tradition, the name of Cham is also interpreted as meaning "dog", "doggish".

The suffix ari- of "Canary" means "island", "cliff", "rock", in Dravida, and implies the idea of a sunken land whose peaks remained above the water. Hence, the Canaries are the Island of the Artificers who engendered Creation; the Fallen Angels or Nephelim, who "fell" (or died or were exterminated) at the end of their era, becoming damned dogs. In other words, the Guanches are "the People of Cham" (Guan-che or Cham-che), an etym (etymology)not unrelated to that of "Dog" and to that of the Canaries. (See Note 6, below).

http://www.atlan.org/articles/guanche_dravida/
No, canari from Cham ari from XamBa Ari (people dog, or people of the dog, = arian/ainu/arinu/kenari/canari)
 

From German Dziebel's blog Anthropogeny: Dogs, yaks, people domesticationGokcumen et al. (2013) have identified a few interesting facts. First, contrary to the earlier accounts of “Neandertal admixture” in the human genome that failed to detect traces of it among African foragers, they found NE1 in 13% of their Mbuti Pygmy sample. This is precisely what out-of-America II predicts: modern humans with roots in a Eurasian hominin such as Neandertals or Denisovans colonized every remote corner of the world, including the African tropics. Second, they
“found that variation within African NE1 haplotypes is significantly higher than variation within Asian and European NE1 haplotypes (p<10 sup="">−15

)….”But despite the higher variation within African NE1 haplotypes, the frequency of those haplotypes are the highest outside of Africa and, especially in America. This means that diversity is no indication of a population’s age. Plain simple. It’s likely that it shows the relaxation of a selective constraint in this region and the corresponding increase in mutation rate, which is something to be expected from a regulatory gene. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) metrics seem to support this interpretation (Amerindians again not represented):
“To understand the genomic composition upstream of the APOBEC3 locus, we first examined the phase I SNP data from the 1000 Genomes Project and identified an unusually strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) block spanning approximately 36 kb (NE1 locus, hg18 – chr22:37,600,063–37,636,026). This LD block is evident in Eurasian (CEU and CHB/JPT) populations but is absent in the Yoruban (YRI) population.”
The increase of genetic diversity as a result of the relaxation of selective constraints is something that is well described for some of modern humans’ companion species such as domesticated dogs and domesticated yaks following the domestication. A similar process must have affected their owners, too.

 

Bowed/Boat Hook: Beothuk

magal(PB), magan(Heb magan david=shield of david), mongolu(Mb)...wickershields/windsails evolved from round fleshy/leathery door flaps
Portuguese navigator Fernão de Magalhães

mami/n(PB) mammary

"...marc(proto-Basque)=1.pruning hook(for dressing vines),2.tongs/pincers (for harvesting and opening chestnuts/castaños),=matxar/matxarda/matxarde (Guipuzkoa)=2,=matoxaua(N)=podar los arboles/prune trees,=maitl toxaua(N)= mat(o)xar(ua)=matoxoa(N)=rub/scratch one's hands." tletl
pruning hook: Acción de podar/prune - de los árboles/forest tree/orchard/vine.

• Pruning-hook -> podón, márcola, corvillo

ard: originally a plowstick with sharp internal arch at bottom to scratch soil like claw, also used to scythe, with inserted slate blades. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard_(plough) later complex ards
turkish: budamak, kesmek, kısaltmak,


Hungary fishing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herman_Ott%C3%B3_1887_P%C3%A1k%C3%A1sz.jpg

gaf hook, loggers pike, gig-gag?
http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/old-brass-boat-hook-or-loggers-pike-must-look

bow & arrow tat/dart/oar/arwe/ard
bowed - bowt boat
hook/huk
-------------------------------------------------
Beothuk word list
abdobish - cable
abemite - fish net
abideshhook - lynx (claw?)
abobidwess - eagle feather
abodoneek - hat
adadimite - fishing lure, bait (atlatlim?
addaboutik - we are red
adenishit - star
aduth - harpoon
adoltkhtek - boat
adosuk - 8
adothook - fish hook
aduse - leg
adyouth - foot
ahune - stone
aguathoonet - whetstone
amet - wake
amina - spear
annoo-ee - forest tree
anyemen - bow
appawet - seal
ahsa-bu-ut - blood
ashwameet - red ochre
ashwogin - arrow
ass-soyt - to anger
aszik-dtounouk - 20
home - baetha (H beth/beit)
basdic - smoke
bathuk - rainwater
bebadwook - flies/mosq.
berroik - cloud
bethoeote - good nioght
bidissoni - stick, sword
boad - thumb
boobishat - fire
boubashan - its hot
bouguishaman - white folk (strange spirits?)
boutonet - teeth
bouzawet - sleep
by-yeetch - birch
boyish - birchbark
bukashaman - man
camtac - speak
dabseek - 4
dabsook - 14
dattomesh - trout
egg - debine
to cut/saw - dedduweet
dee-cradou - big boat

from tletl comments:

FYI, El Salvador: Cerén (volcano ash covered)

• They found tremendous quantities of a root crop (malanga, a relative of taro) that previously had not been associated with Maya agriculture. They found another "invisible" crop of manioc alongside the more anticipated fields of maize, and they found grasses no longer in existence on the modern-day El Salvador landscape.


• They made what is thought to be the first discovery of a Maya kitchen, complete with intensively planted household garden. "We could tell what was planted around the houses," Lentz says. "This is fabulous because people have long debated how the Maya did all this. Now we have a real example."


• They found a household with more than 70 ceramic pots, many used to store beans, peppers and other plant matter. Having that many vessels in one home was an unusual discovery for what is thought to be a small, farming village. Lentz likened it to having four or five sets of China in a typical American home.


• They found large plots of neatly rowed land, evidence of ridge and furrow agriculture. Lentz also posits that the people of Cerén surrounded their homes with orchard trees. These discoveries seemingly debunk the common theory that the Maya employed a slash-and-burn agriculture method.


• They found a raised, paved pathway called a "sacbe," which was used by the Maya for ceremonial and commercial purposes.

... bowed/boat/bottle/pottery

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carlos lascoutx2 April 2013 16:05
...sacbe(M)=iztac ue(N)=white big/way.
...bow/flow/plow/bower/flower/poa or poua/opouh
(N)=the flute fuego fuel fuelle fuigo(J)word,
hmmm, not flute/pauilia(N)=limn, but fue(J).
...Beothuk=Peua/Potli Toca(N)=begin both/brother
Breeding/toca(N)=sow and bury. their history included mammoth hunting, cf., their seal/whale
hunting with detachable points, their canoes are skin with high prows, viking style.
descendents of the Solutrean peoples, 22k BCE,
best flint knappers in the world. fire was lit
by knocking 2 rocks together for chitoni/spark,
cf., kitten. Ozero/Ocelotl/oc(r)e/och(r)e means
they go back to original Fire Drill Flame hole.
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carlos lascoutx3 April 2013 07:41
...mayana(N)=to be hungry. makes one wonder what Mayan called themselves, as this Nauatl verb is laid on after their famine. roots and house gardens are resorted to when the frail corn crop fails. too much rain brings the fungus, Cuitlacoche(N)=when the corn sleeps/couches=cochi/ococh(N)shitty/cuitlatl, which eats the grain, and drought withers seed in ground, or elotl(N)on the stalk.
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DDeden2 April 2013 15:10

Botocudo: extinct Brazil tribe with Polynesian mtDNA

Baja Calif. Pericu ~ parical bowl boat?
Brazil Botocudo ~ boat + cudo/cuon-dog/coondog/hounddog?

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Replies

carlos lascoutx2 April 2013 15:49
...boto/boat/boot(E/German for boat)/punt/pont/
pond/puddle=potli(N)=both, brother(E). pool/foot/
port/post.
...cudo/coto/cot/cottage/cod/god/kurd/khuda/cotton/curt/cut/cunt/count/court/cost/coast/custard.
Delete
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DDeden3 April 2013 10:31

"Beothuk ...peatha(B)=pelt(E)=petla(N). Newfoundland isolate deer tribe, the Toniit/ Tonatiuh(E). ...woin(B/reversal)=in wo/own/ua(N)=wa(Japanese)=hoop/link, wa(Chi-na)= language, uvin(Beothuk/reversal)=in uva/oua(Breton)=ua(N)=own(E). ...baetha(B)=go home"

Beothuk = bowed (woven) hook (wic) ~ hooped pelt(belld-belt, also bark of paper birch for cone hut)

pelt:(noun skin/verb throw (throw(grow) down roots))

in-uva ~ en-dura?

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DDeden3 April 2013 10:54

Odemen(Beothuk) - red earth
Edom (Heb Bethlhem) - red earth

beothuk/bethlehem/peltham?(OE?)=bed-hook(roll)=hammock(Carib/Taino sling bed))=hem-hook

note: early bed was rolled down rug/pelt in cold, but slung up in hot Brazil/Carib.

throw/grow/spew/sipa(takraw)/split/pair roots divide/break egg into 2

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DDeden3 April 2013 11:04

ooish (Beo) lips
memasuk (Beo) tongue

memasak (Malay) cook
memasuk (Malay) enter

podebeek (Beo) paddle
pugatoit (Beo) to throw
poochowhat (Beo) bed

woasut (Beo) woman
wanita (Malay) woman

shapok (Beo) candle
shamash (Heb) oil lamp/lighter

washgeesh (Beo) moon
woodamashi (Beo) messenger, run away

Bakar-Dade

A candle in the wind
Bakardade - Fluttering Fumeria - Smokey - Hinoki - Frank Insence - Insecticide - Chabad - Kavadi     

Ba'ar is Hebrew for bakar/char/burn.

River Dadès, meltwater from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco

"A little north-east of the southern city of Quarzazate, lies the Dadès Valley-stretching out between the peaks of the High Atlas and the Jbel Sarhro mountain range. Known as 'The Valley of One Thousand Kasbahs', it is the most prominent of the oasis valleys that dominate southern Morocco. Originating from melt water high up in the snowfields of the Haute Atlas, the river Dadès cuts a steep gorge, known as the Dadès Gorge, at Aït Oudinar and Aït Ali. From here, it flows across the broad Dadès Valley in a south-westerly direction towards Quarzazate."
This photo of Dades Gorge is courtesy of TripAdvisor


Beluga/Beleukha is a Altai-Siberian term for whiteness/mist/snowcovered, whales are given this name due to their blowholes spouting white mist, rendered in Greek to leuco/glauca and Latin blanco/blanca. The Mbotai people (ancestors of Mbuti, Thai, Tibetan, Botai etc... and domesticators of the ridgeback dog of Phu Quoc and later the horse) travelled through the Altai and met Neanderthals and Denisovans.

Bakar is a Malay word meaning char, as in Charlie/Carlos/Karloff/Chernobyl (Russian cher = black) & an ancient pictoglyphic Chinese character on a charred turtleshell as well as Carbon 60 (spherical allatrope of carbon, a sheet of graphene wrapped into a ball). C-60 Char is related also to coal, shale, talc & chalk as soft stones, ceramic as burnt silica (not carbon), and apparently to sandy/silty/soil (and perhaps shallow) in more derived form. Char is surface-adhered hydrocarbons, while soot is free-floating hydrocarbons, C60 buckminsterfullerene formed in a vacuum laser-burnt, and was detected via spectroscopy, by its unique band of flame colors emitted/reflected of its position on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Serendipity strikes here. Spectrum is derived from Malay words Sepak Tali Jarum (Kick String Loom), [Sepak or Sipa is a kick-volley-ball net game using a hexapent woven C60-like rattan ball], but derived from ancient Neanderthal kick-starter firedrill/spider/lighter.

I'm in Miami, Dade County, Florida, USA. (Dade refers to moving unsteadily/jerkily as opposed to a smooth pace, such as a small child who is just learning to walk & talk [dodder/toddle(r)/totter/patter/tuttle/stutter/(derived: flutter/flicker/chatter)], related to Middle English daderen "to tremble" (late 15c.), apparently frequentative of dialectal dade. The county name here refers to a Major Dade who fought in the Seminole war. Julia Tuttle was an early promoter of Miami, the 36th St. causeway from Miami to Miami Beach is named for her.

Bakardade is a Basque word meaning solitude. There is a Basque shepherd monument in Reno Nevada entitled "Bakardade / Solitude", see the photo, featuring the "Aureska" Basque ceremonial dance.

"Silent night, holy night...Shepherds quake, at the sight...Wondrous star... Loves pure light"

Interestingly, while visiting my grandmother Byrde in Pipestone, Minnesota, (the site of the famous Pipestone Quarries) I met her neighbors the Grubers, who were descendants of Franz Gruber: "Silent Night was a poem that was written in 1816 by an Austrian priest called Joseph Mohr. On Christmas Eve in 1818 in the small alpine [shepherding] village called Oberndorf it is reputed that the organ at St. Nicholas Church had broken. Joseph Mohr gave the poem of Silent Night (Stille Nacht) to his friend, Franz Xavier Gruber and the melody for Silent Night was composed for choir and guitar, the simple score was finished in time for Midnight Mass."

Pipestone: a soft red mud shale (between layers of hard red quartz) used for making sacred peace pipes Chanunpa/Chanupa (Lakota term)  (also Calumet: French for hollow reed, Catlinite: from George Catlin, artist who painted Plains Indians)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calumet_(pipe)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catlinite (siltstone)

Silence: from Latin silns; similar to German stille
Solitude: from Latin solus, alone; see s(w)e- in Indo-European roots
Soot: Hydrocarbon clusters produced via flame
Solute: Particles within a solution, eg. salt ions in water, or soot in air.
Silt, soft, soil, etc.

Chabad/Sabbath/Shabat: Hebrew 7th day = saturday/sabtu, related to 'week-hinge' pintu(Malay: hinged door),  pito(Philipino: 7) and bat/punt/punk/punji/spindle sticks.

Linguist Merrit Ruhlen found that the most common word for 2 (pair, split, half) around the world is ~ "par", I find that it also relates to paru/patl/pahairo/fire/pyre/pure.

Elbow-Bellow Fire Starter: Cha-bat - Apa'ollo - Ai Karumba - XamaX - Shamash - Math

 

Apahxkitl - fire kit : 2/pair + 2/pair = 4 fuerte/pyre

2 shoes/sox/sockets (bit+anch) + 2 feet/punt (pind+wand) = phaerie/pyrie

[Egyptian ankh ~ Coptic cross: Sir Alan Gardiner speculated that it depicts a sandal strap, with the loop going around the ankle. The word for sandal strap was also spelled anḫ, although it may have been pronounced differently(wiki)] cf anchor rope, sepaktali/cipactli, Japanese geta sandals originated from nut-grain crushing cedar shake/skate/slate/sledge roped/wrapped/strapped to feet and pranced/danced upon. Olives and grapes were stomped with bare feet.

Shoe/chauvat/sabbat/zapato/sabot/sepatu (M shoe)/socket, {upper one was mouth-held (bit/bitter, bite/pahit) greased (yak-butter(ghee)/honeybee-wax) socket (no friction), bottom one foot-held (ankh, anchor, ankle) with rough crescent friction hole/tinder-trap/kindlebowl cf qidlic) + sepintu/spindle/sphynx/phoenix/punt/punji/pin-hinge/engine/spinster/spindrill/spandrel/dreidel/tletl) with (derived) small glued/tethered/fletcher/feather/plume vanes (fins) to produce a whirling toronado/cyclonic flume/bloom/Xamax(shame)/flame.



Neanderthals (bare-footed) may have looped a pull-string around their big toe (Hallux) [toe-rope/towrope/tooei(Du: cord)/tletl(Na: fire), and stretched and folded their leg to spin-pull the pin, while Hs (shod/sandaled) used a stick, (a hand-held (thumb-looped/thimble/tumble/pumper aka ferry-foot/pari-punt/phaerie-wand/agni-vel/atlatl/ladel tied at tip/apix of switch/wand (Poll-uixt/pollux, cf light switch) to a longer pull-string (tali gasing (M: string spin-top, cf gasket) a yoyo/roro/roarowe((r)oar-row-arrow)/rotarota/rotor that was wound around the upright spindle and then pulled/spun back and forth, gradually g(ene)rating/serrating/tendering sawdust which heated/kindled in the lower ankle-joint, the elbow-bellow fire starter, apahitl (aptitude, ability, apahaire, fire), later developing into the bow-drill fire-starter.

Fire smoke making for mosquito control may relate to Pueblo tobacco-smoke medical purification ritual, and possibly to clothing and dome enclosure weekly cleansing cf tamarca/tunic (tembakau, tunic-chiton = tu-nicotine). Tobacco cultivation began 6,000 years ago, pipe smoking about 1,000 years ago. Tobacco leaves may have been used both as insecticide and for hut roof leaf shingling (similar to th Congo Mbuti dome huts shingled with mongongo leaves). The Delaware Amerindian  word for tobacco is kinnikinnik, which resembles qidlic (seal oil bowl lamp of Innuit) and shingle/skin-skin, but is apparently from a mix like herbal potpouri to scent, hinoki (Japanese fragrant cedar) and frankincense (Oman). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinnikinnick [per linguists, "The term "kinnikinnick" derives from Unami Delaware /kələkːəˈnikːan/, "mixture" (c.f. Ojibwe giniginige "to mix )^1] from Proto-Algonquian *kereken-, "mix (it) with something different by hand". kinnikinic, n. caŋṡaṡa. — Williamson. An English-Dakota Dictionary^[

Tobacco as mite-lice repellant: "Macias Garcia wondered if it was serving a protective purpose. After all, nicotine is a well-known insect repellant, and bird nests are often full of harmful parasites, such as mites and lice. Once the finch and sparrow fledglings had left their nests, Macias Garcia and his team took many of the nests down. They then measured the amount of (cigarette filter) cellulose fibers, as a proxy for the amount of nicotine in each nest, and counted the number of parasites. “The more cellulose there was in the nests, the fewer parasites we found in those nests,” says Macias Garcia.  The parasites apparently disliked the nicotine-filled fibers. The use of cigarette butts could be an urban version of a behavior observed elsewhere in other bird species. Evolutionary biologist Dale Clayton of the University of Utah says starlings, for example, line their nests with certain aromatic plants that emit “volatile chemicals that appear to kill ectoparasites like lice and mites and also bacteria.”

Smoke was used to medicate in the Pueblo culture, a sick person lay down and the shaman put smoke around. Charcoal was used both to filter questionable water supplies and for various other medicinal purposes.

Lampara: Mediterranean Net-fishing method, moonless night, boats encircle water of algae & fish with torches

Chanuka (Hebrew candlampara/candalabra/chanupa(Lakota: pipe bowl from oil lamp cf Eskimo sealstone oil lamp: qidlic/kulik)/lumenaurah/menorah/tlantlimat (candle wick as hand-held antler tines)/t̪at̪ərima (3 in Twi language of Twi Island, Australia, which uses ki for fire and ami for light)/tatlimat(5 in eskimo language)/teruma(tithe in Hebrew language)/terima(receive in Malay language) (compare Malay panas - hot to Hebrew panas - torch)...

"Early in Canaanite religion, the male moon-god, "Yerach," was the chief god of the pantheon. And the female sun-god, "Shamash," was his cohort. Later, these were changed to Baal and Ashteroth. "To judge from Canaanite place-names of the earliest period, such as Jericho and Beit-Yerach, as well as from Non-Semitic personal and place names of the 2nd millennium BC, the cult of the sun-god and moon-god (or goddess) was at its height in very early times and steadily declined thereafter" (W.F. Albright, Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, p. 92, also p. 83)."

"Röth (Die Aegypt. und die Zoroastr. Glaubenslehre, 1846, p. 175) derives the Hebrew name [Yahweh] from the ancient moon-god Ih or Ioh."
(Many Jews are named yarick, Yared/Jared; Jordan River also related to Yar.)

Compare the cart wheels of the Gurob ship cart model (Nile, Egypt) to the symbol of Shamash/sun, Sumer: http://www.vizin.org/Gurob/Gurob_final_4PC/Gurob_VRML_html-pgs/Gurob_photo-catalogue_home.html from here: http://www.vizin.org/Gurob/Gurob_final_4PC/Gurob_VRML_html-pgs/Gurob_photo-catalogue_home.html







Above: 8-radia Symbol of Shamash/Sun    Below: 8-radia Symbol of An(Sumer)/Anu(Akkad)/Sky
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Cuneiform_sumer_dingir.svg

Chanuka: Hebrew Festival of Lights; Chanuka Menorah of 8 olive oil lamps/candles and ignitor candle called a shamash. [Shamash (Akkadian Šamaš "Sun") was a native Mesopotamian justice deity and the sun god in the Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian pantheons.]

Shamash was portrayed as sun symbol, but had 8 legs like a spider (cf 8 lamps) or 4 winds & 4 rivers)...spindle/lighter
Shamash links to An/Anu, sun worship at An/Heliopolis temple in Egypt possibly linked to Ainu/Anubis before Bos Apis bull worship. Plausibly Egyptian Ka (breath) links to Cha/Sha (chanuka/chanupa) and ki(smoke-incense eg. hinoki). Hebrew hearth is mokedmishpakhti or akh. Sudanubis-ia:  Sudd(Suaq-Ndoki) swamp/Sudan (black (Arabic))/Nubia/Abyssinia

Nenets (Siberia): "Nenetl(N)=doll, idol, and they do have those in each chum(NN)=house" (Tletl)

Cipact[a]li = sepak tali = kick string (held by neander. big toe and pulled to turn netl/sp[k]in[e]dle/spider/lighter) that was held in place by mouthpiece [bit/bite/bitter/apahitl] and "anchlsockt".
Dipavali(series of lamps) = cipactli = sepak tali = emak jari(um) = mata hari
kick = kick string = mother/big toe(loom) = iris(eye/sun/arisen) day
chanuka = chanu(n)pa(Lak smokepipe) =c(h)ampur (M mix)= hinoki (J) = cipactli = kinikinick (foot-kicked/mixed incense, later metate/mill/press/grist/ground)
first milling/mixing/grinding was done by feet, in China 40ka special sandal/shingle shoes...

"Deepavali" Tamil: series of oil lamps, aka Hindu Festival of Lights; (Sanskrit: दीपावली Dīpāvalī), which translates into "row of lamps".  Mahavira attained his nirvana... The following night was pitch black without the light of the gods or the moon. To symbolically keep the light of their master's knowledge alive they illuminated their doors. They said: "Since the light of knowledge is gone, we will make light of ordinary matter"

Kavadi: burden offering of Tamil culture, possibly linked to Chabad olive oil lamps, see below.

Thaipusam: South Indian Tamils celebrate Thaipusam on the tenth month of their calendar.  It coincides with the full moon at the end of January and beginning of February 'Thai', and 'Pusam' refers to a star which is at its brightest during the period of this festival. Some devotees carry the Kavadi (burden-offering), a wooden arch with two pots of milk/honey/coconuts at its end. The kavadi-bearers take only pure, Satvik food, once a day. Mortification of the flesh by piercing the skin, tongue or cheeks with vel skewers is also common.

Neanderthal kickstarter/spi(n)dr/l/spider/chipactli(N kick)+ichtli(N thread)/sepaktali(M kick string)/mokedmishpakhti(Heb. hearth = smokey+dome+kick-sparkler-thread)

"Nenetl(N)=doll, idol, and they do have those in each chum(NN)=house" (Tletl blog)

Cipact[a]li = sepak tali = kick string (held by neander. big toe and pulled to turn netl/sp[k]in[e]dle/spider/lighter) that was held in place by greased-ghee-earwax(cerumin)-beeswax mouthpiece [bit/bite/bitter/apahitl] and bottom "a(n)chlsockt"shoe, while hands held kindling.

Carnaval~Chanukah~Chanupa~Champur: mixed herb/incense/oil lit/burned/smoked in ceremony/comoni

Dipavali(Hindu 8 lamp lighting) = cipactali

= sepak tali = emak jari = mata hari (sun = eye of day)

= kick string = mother/big toe(jarum=toe-loom, Dutch tooie=cord=towrope)) = iris(eye/sun/arisen) day

chanuka = c(h)ampur (M mix) = chanupa(Lakota pipe) = hinoki (J) cipactli = kinikinick (tobacco-herb crushed)

Scope: Greek skopein "to look"

spectrum: 1610s, "apparition, specter," from Latin spectrum "appearance, apparition". Meaning "band of colors formed from a beam of light" first recorded 1670s.

apparition: from apahit/r/l/, aphyre, aspire

first milling/mixing/grinding was done by feet, in China 40ka special sandal/shingle shoes to crush/thresh...

Huaraches (singular huarache) are a type of Mexican sandal. Huaraches are pre-Columbian in origin, and are made from woven leather. The leather is traditionally hand-woven.^[1] The name "Huarache" is derived from the P'urhépecha language term kwarachi. Huarache directly translates into English as sandal.^[2]

Waraji (Japanese: 草鞋) are sandals made from straw rope that in the past were the standard footwear of the common people in Japan.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geta_(footwear)

dayak loom: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-229067836.html SEA eel/shuttle "weaver-sword", women firsrt used toes to separate thread/yarn, wrapped around their back, then leaned forward to insert eel-shuttle under-over,then leaned backward to insert alternative over-under, back and forth

takraw may be related to 3 kicks of ball allowed on each side of net (Philipino 3 = tatlo), this may relate to triangular weaving basketry... tricep/three step/kick-sipactli-sacred thread

YHWH/Jehova(lx/lithic/la)/Ja-Ho-Oba|J(ez/ud)-Ra-El-Oh-I/(Obadiah-Obedience-Abundance-Apa)/Jahobalisk/Jor|Yar-(dan)shiboleth(bless/press(pusam?)/breathe)/Ya-ru-xa-lem/Yeshivalechem-Isolation/Shivalingam/Solace-Solar:Isolamentation/Sit/Silakan(Ind. please do)/Silvousplait(will u please-bless-praise-breathe)/Inxyallah(inchi-god willing)/alamak(mother of god)deumadre/diome(des/dia)

Ba-Mbuti (Congo R. Central Africa)
BiMbetki (Narmada River, Central India)
BaMbara (Mbarae River, Congo, Central Africa/Barada River, Syria/Ybarra, Queensland, NAustl)
(Ba)Mbiaka/Aka/Gha-Akan (West Africa)
BiMbache/Guanche (Canary Islands, North Africa)
AmaXhosa (Khoe-Bantu mix 1600s, South Africa)
Bhutan/Tibet/Cambodia/Thai/Champa/China-Tsina-Tionghua/!Xam-bo-daia/Mbotai-PhuQuoc Isl.
Jambo: Homely greeting of east Africa
Xamax/Shamash: sun/spider-spindle fire starter, Chanukah 9th kndlampra, Sumer sun/justice god
 

http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7154/6733843141_db8325c818_z.jpg candle photo
http://www.christmassongs.net/lyrics/silent-night

Koro-pok guru & Ainu

The name is traditionally analysed as a tripartite compound of kor or koro ("butterbur plant"), pok ("under, below"), and kur or kuru ("person") and interpreted to mean "people below the leaves of the butterbur plant" in the Ainu language.

The Ainu believe that the koro-pok-guru were the people who lived in the Ainu's land before the Ainu themselves lived there. They were short of stature, agile, and skilled at fishing. They lived in pits with roofs made from butterbur leaves.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petasites

Interesting that the butterbur has rhubarb-like leaves (if flame-red colored, it would be significant linguistically), and roots treat migraines.

In Malay/Indonesian, guru is teacher (from Hindi), but gua is cave/hole, (Chinese cave: gua), while gula (sweet sap/sugar), getah (latex sap) are tapped from holes in trees. In Malay, tree is pokok. It is possible the dwarfs were proto-Malay negritos that had spread along coasts from Ryukyu.

Pygmies in African Congo roof their dome huts with mongongo leaf shingles, those in Andamans used ailanthus leaves, those in No. Australia used banana leaves.

Bambuti Congo pygmies call their dome huts mongolu, Innuit call theirs igloo/igdlu.

Indian bowlboat: harigolu, Indian hut: bungalo, English column/(d)well/wheel/curve

Note that pygmy huts had only a low doorway, european male explorers had to bellycrawl to enter, I think igloos were like that, in order to keep warmth in, with only a qidlic [kindle-wick/light] bowl of seal oil to cook with.

The Chinese called Japan land of the brown dwarfs, that name may have preceded both Ainu and Yayoi migrants.

bow bracers (and arm splints) were also made of birch bark

DDeden

From Human migrations yahoo group:

 'Notes of the Kurils Islands by Captain Snow
1897', John Milne wrote:

"The Koro-pok-guru [gh: "dwellers in holes" - pit house dwellers] kept to the
same style of dwelling they used in the far north, even when they pushed their
way into a much milder climate.

The Ainu, following their old custom, still
built their style of house [gh: made of grass or reeds lashed upon a framework
of wood] when they got into the more rigorous climate of Yezo and the Kurils,
notwithstanding it is suitable only for a warm or mild climate."

I just came across a reference to an increase in bird remains at 6,700 BP on
Mink Island - "Ocean Bay" culture:

"Although Ocean Bay occupations in the
Lower Midden span 7500 to 4100 cal B.P., bird remains
were only recovered from levels dated between
6700 and 4100 cal B.P.
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/HumanMigrations/message/4664

Later archaeological finds in the Aleutians belong to the Aleutian tradition
(McCartney, 1984). The bifacial flake technology is radically different from the
earlier Anangula materials

 slate ulu blades ? [DD: slate/flint/flay/fletch/split/separate fur/felt from skin/pelt]

Aleutian mummy: "The wrappings were removed sequentially. The outer five were
> animal skins, probably seal or sea otter. The innermost layer was an
> eiderdown parka composed of numerous bird skins sewn together,
> with the feathers on the inside, and a yellow fur collar with black spots"

 Furthermore, a caribou skin is of a suitably large size, and its surface
of a fairly uniform quality. Accordingly, large coat parts, stretching from the
hood to the coat tails, can be cut from a single caribou skin.

Mon Khmer & Hmong Mien: related to monsoon/mongolu/monday/moon/manu-anu/mene/Burmen?

 The Ainu and the Ryukyuan are tightly clustered with 100% bootstrap probability followed by the Mainland Japanese in the phylogenetic trees of East Eurasian populations.

Origin of Sumerians: (cf Suomea)
http://www.scirp.org/searchResult/Index.aspx?searchCode=Sumerians
The Sumerians initial migration presumably
began with a persistent drought in their original (Turkmen) homeland, that eventually
forced them to abandon their home migrate and resettle in the southern fertile
lands of the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and eventually
further south near the banks of Nile River in north east Africa.
Chamorros:
Results:
Results reveal that 92% of Chamorros belong to haplogroup E, also found in ISEA
but rare in Oceania. The two most numerous E lineages were identical to lineages
currently found in Indonesia, while the remaining E lineages differed by only
one or two mutations and all were unique to the Marianas. Seven percent of the
lineages belonged to a single Chamorro-specific lineage within haplogroup B4,
common to ISEA as well as Micronesia and Polynesia.

Conclusions:
These patterns suggest a small founding population had reached and settled the
Marianas from ISEA by 4,000 ybp, and developed unique mutations in isolation. A
second migration from ISEA may have arrived around 1,000 ybp, introducing the
latte pillars, rice agriculture and the homogeneous minority B4 lineage."

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.22349/abstract?deniedAccessCusto\
misedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

 The best example
is the presence of composite bows in the left (wisdom) hands of wrathful deities
in Buddhist mandalas. This exact iconographic convention in Navajo
sandpaintings pegs their origin to the introduction of the sinew-backed bow
during the middle CE (the weapon arrived in the SW around 1200-1300 CE). On the
Asian side, the spread of Buddhist iconographic conventions out of India from
south to north is well documented (with some syncretic borrowings from Chinese
geomancy) -- there is no credible claim to the antiquity of these highly
formalized traditions in Tibet prior to the seventh century. The really
elaborate traditions are traditionally ascribed to the Second Diffusion of
Buddhism which was later still.
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/HumanMigrations/message/4714

"The parallels between complex ceremonialism in the Old and New Worlds (Apachean
and Tibetan) cannot possibly be paleo in origin -- their shared iconographic
conventions and ritual scripts are much too close to represent millennia of
divergence, and are clearly rooted in historical timeframes."

But cultural connections around the globe are full of such direct parallels.
E.g., Hornbostel noted how similar windpipe instruments are in Oceania and
Amazonia and these days ethnologists have even invented the term "Melazonia" as
an emblem of a nexus of striking similarities in music and ritual between the
two areas. Those are not of Bronze Age. Those are old. And going back to my
example from mythology: North American-West African parallels are very specific.
Or another example: the kind of creature that dives for the earth in the Earth
Diver myth is identical between Muskogean versions and Munda versions, and
these are unique links not shared by Siberian and North American versions of the
myth.

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/HumanMigrations/message/4720
You make some good points -- I too regard Algic-Athapaskan fusion as the prime
suspect for numerous shared molecular markers (shared descent is much less
likely for a number of reasons). I am pretty sure that the Pacific Coast
Athapaskan migration was a shared Algic-Athapaskan move from the Plateau in the
last 800 years, and for all intents and purposes, there are no major cultural
differences between Hupa and Yurok for example, and no way to distinguish them
archaeologically in CA/OR.

Likewise, I see the Southern cordillera/Plateau boundary as being a key area in
early dispersals of Athapaskans, with the closest northern group to Apacheans
being found in the Sekani and their Sarcee offshoots (all of whom have fish
aversion, in contradistinction to more northerly groups). But this area cannot
be the Proto-Athapaskan homeland because there are a number of ways Plateau
Athapaskans are atypical, particularly in their funerary practices. Alaskan
Dene and Apacheans are equally averse to corpses, while the Carrier are
diametrically opposite, indicating the influence of Plateau crematory customs
upon local Dene

Mapping Mongolia" (edited by Sabloff, 2011,
and on pp. 130-131 it says:

"Mongolian Bronze Age Chandman and Mongol Hunnu (Xiongnu) appeared similar to
modern Native Americans from the Great Lakes regions, as well as prehistoric
Archaic Period individuals from North America (Brace et al. 2001; Seguchi 2004).
Interestingly, the Mongolian Chandman sample was not closely related to the
roughly contemporaneous Chinese Bronze Age sample from Anyang."

--- In HumanMigrations@yahoogroups.com, "josephapw" wrote:

[...] Likewise, Proto-Athapaskan-Eyak "metal knife" (beesh/mesh/wesh) appears to
be a trans-Eursasian loan word, post-Bronze Age in origin, cognate with I-E
"metal". Present at the proto-language level, this word in and of itself is
striking. Both sinew backed bows and hot-forged copper daggers (with
double-spiraled pommels) gained wide distribution after the mid Common Era, and
do not extend much east of Na-Dene turf. Morphologically similar daggers (in
bronze and iron, not copper) are associated with SW Siberian putatively
Yeniseian archaeological cultures. [...]

Since the Gwich'in dagger is dated to "1850 or earlier", may I ask how you have
excluded it and the ones similar to it as being products of trade? I'm looking
at Colin F Taylor's 'Native American Weapons', p. 46, where a similar dagger
(spiral pommels, at least) is described as a "trade knife". What is your
perspective on this? Gisele
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/HumanMigrations/message/4723

http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/s/swimming_reindeer.aspx

Ulama: learning to play life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama_(game)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_takraw
http://www.answers.com/topic/ulama-1

Ulama (no-hand volleyball, Mexico) is very similar to sepak takraw (no hand volleyball, Malaysia).

DDeden15 December 2012 11:27

"(Semitic=Cemitta)"
semite/Xemayt/xmtc(x/no|madic/shamanic/shamash/s|habat|h/sahabat(M)kin)

ReplyDelete

 

...cemitta(N)=center look/itta(N)= ithua(N/lowlands)=semilla(sp)=seed.
...the Semites(Arab/Jew, common ancestor,
Abrahm), e.g., David=D/Tlauiz(N)=the Dawn(E)=
first Jewish King, began as grain merchants,
which they still are to this day.
...if you have the first 5 letters of C/Semite/
cemit(N), you look no further.
...Shabat(H)=xapotla(N)=to deflower/seduce, i.e., when Yahweh finished making Earth, he didn't rest, he had sex with his creation,
still a tradition among the faithful.

 

endura(Mb) (c)enter/chanter(sing around center fire (apa))

quell (German) source: mongolu(Mb), menguelu, quell

 

apa shabbath/sabbah/abba/saba

heel(foot) keel(boat)

 

totem/do odem

team mate

atimwa (team of sled dogs)

komatic (shed/sled + dog team)

kemosabe allie

 

Doodlebug

Doodlebug
Jitterbug
Ditty bag
Duty bag
Goody bag
Duffelbag
"Waltzing matilda"

Ancient bags with a single shoulder strap or fore-head tumpline attached as a single string would tend to rock and spin while being carried by a walker, resulting in twining of the cord. Jittering, jiggling, dithering, tethering etc.


Burkha
Babushka
Bolsa
Bunkus
Bag

rucksac (Swed ruck=cruikback)
knapsack
haversack

briefcase
attache
cajete
peti

fire pyre/a/o
apa hi = api
pahit = bitter/burnt
ap aih gn ah ait

muatlimuat: molimo, bambuti, atlatl, malamute, atimwa, mbuat

1300BC, Aten/Adonai, Just/Jasher, Quetzalcoatl?

http://dnatribes.com/dnatribes-digest-2012-01-01.pdf

During the exploration of Egypt, a puzzle emerged along the Nile River: a singular ancient city

that had been hastily abandoned to the desert. The site dated to the mid 1300’s BCE (the height of New

Kingdom Egypt) and became known as Amarna (named for the local Beni Amran tribe).

Unusual discoveries here included cuneiform tablets (the Amarna letters), written in a “peripheral

Akkadian” vernacular spoken in the Levantine cities of the former Hyksos and their relatives to the north.

Even more unusual was the “Amarna art” found in the city. Unlike the idealized royal icons customary in

ancient Egypt, Amarna was decorated with naturalistic portraits emphasizing the individuality of the

king’s family and retinue.

Absent from Amarna were images of Egypt’s ancient pantheon. Instead, this abandoned city had

been dedicated to the more abstract “Aten,” symbolized by the sun’s orb extending its rays.

1

Examination of texts and monuments revealed this as the lost city of Akhetaten (“Horizon of the

Aten”), freshly built for the “rebel pharaoh” Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti. The iconoclastic

Akhenaten had opposed the wealthy and influential priesthood of Egypt by closing temples, removing the

names of the gods from monuments, and even forbidding use of the plural term “gods.” Known in life as

“Living in Ma’at” (Justice or Truth), he was later remembered only as the “Criminal of Akhetaten.”

After Akhenaten’s rule ended in unknown circumstances, his name was erased from all future

king lists. Traditional polytheism was then re-established under Tutankhamun (“King Tut”) and the

former vizier Ay.

2 Despite helping the return to Egyptian customs, the names of Tut and Ay were also

omitted from Egyptian records for their association with the “rebel pharaoh.”

Maya ball court towers,queen

http://news.yahoo.com/mexico-mayan-ball-court-celestial-marker-155035359.html
the ancient Mayas built watchtower-style structures atop the ceremonial ball court (built around 864 A.D.) at the temples of Chichen Itza to observe the equinoxes and solstices...The bases of the structures — essentially, look-out boxes set atop the walls, each one with a small slit running through it ... confirmed that the sun shone through the slit-like openings when the setting sun touches the horizon at the winter solstice. The sun's rays also formed a diagonal pattern at the equinox in the slit-like openings, which are about tall enough to stand up in.

cf watchtowers of great wall of china, elephants as mobile watchtowers, red banners on Ind. elephants, AmerInd smoke-fire signals
elephant/elevate/el-ev-ater=el-ev-idol,
elvater-(kek)wel-vater/udra/vesse=waterwheel/shadouf?

Lady of Kaan (koan/kohen/khan/goshen/kachina...)
http://news.yahoo.com/tomb-maya-queen-kabel-discovered-guatemala-103652905.html
Archaeologists in Guatemala have discovered the tomb of Lady K'abel, a seventh-century Maya Holy Snake Lord considered one of the great queens of Classic Maya civilization. The tomb was discovered during excavations of the royal Maya city of El Peru-Waka' in northwestern Peten, Guatemala... "People of Waka"  K'abel, considered the greatest ruler of the Late Classic period, ruled with her husband, K'inich Bahlam, for at least 20 years (672-692 AD), Freidel says. She was the military governor of the Wak kingdom for her family, the imperial house of the Snake King, and she carried the title "Kaloomte'," translated to "Supreme Warrior," higher in authority than her husband, the king. (ANI)
(waka-wakantonka/huaca/walker-wok/waukau/waketa/wakawaka)
(K'abel-cain & abel, khabar(M)news=kabbala(Heb)
(Kinich-Kenichi(J)1st born

Mangrove leaves - shingles, salt, omega 3 oils

Mangrove leaves may have been used as shingles on ancient dome huts, just as mongongo leaves are gathered and stacked for use as shingles on dome huts in the Congo rainforest by Bambuti pygmies. Mongongo trees produce large round leaves useful for sheathing domes, as well as the tasty & nutritrious nuts favored by both humans and apes; various coastal mangrove species produce large round leaves and fruits as well as abundant honeybee honey and are usually well fertilized by nocturnal fruit bats. People at the coasts may have exchanged such 'gifts' with people in the interior.

Many mangroves have leaves with special evapotranspiration pores which extrude salt that dries on the leaf surface, these may have been collected for use as dome shingles, and could have been the initial source of the salt trade, coastal people bringing stacks of salty leaves inland to trade with river people for freshwater-related inland forest items.

Omega 3 oils are beneficial for human esp. infant brain functioning, cold-water fish (tuna, salmon) contain high amounts of these oils. Gupta et al have found high levels of Omega 3 oils in a slime-algae protist which live on mangrove leaves, perhaps licking or cooking these salty leaves by archaic humans also gave them omega oils?

Omega-3 biotechnology: Thraustochytrids as a novel source of omega-3 oils

• Adarsha Gupta,
• Colin J. Barrow,
• Munish Puri

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975012000651



http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/FD12-111-122.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16188209

(Hat trip to Rob Dudman for links)

Mammoth Herding 101

Sheep herder: shepherd
Mammoth herder: mahout (also Indian elephant herder)

Mammoths are most closely related to Indian elephants, then to African elephants, then to manatees (tusked sea cows), then to hyraxes (hooved squirrel like animals), all Afrotherian descendants.

In central Asia, mammoths ate fruits from natural orchards (apple/apricots/plums/cherries/pears/citrons), marshland sedges & reed stems & rhyzomes, steppe grasses, woodland tree mast & bast (especially fire-burnt carmelized inner bark), mosses, annual flowers & seed berries/pulses (buttercups, gorse). They travelled seasonally from northern siberia southerly to the Himalayan highlands.

Tamil: mamoti (man = earth, vetti = spade)
Yakut: mamma (earth) (story of earth-burrowing mole-like mammoths is derived from mammoths using their tusks as spades to unearth tubers/bundles of grasses and perhaps snow shovels to scrape off snow crust from food.
English: manatee (manatus = hand, Latin)
Hebrew: behemoth (giant beast, water related)
Nias Behu: megalithic elephant cf batu gajah
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nias megalithic stone elephant (3 heads = head & tusks, 4 pillars = ele legs)

In Memorium
Phillip Vallentine Tobias: October 14, 1925­June 7, 2012
Frederick E Grine & Peter S Ungar 2012
Evol Anthrop doi 10.1002/evan.21326

"If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of giants." (mammoths)

This phrase, immortalized by Sir Isaac Newton in a letter to Robert Hooke
dated February 5, 1675, takes on a special and bitterly poignant meaning
in the context of the passing of Phillip Tobias.
Newton was, of course, paraphrasing, with considerable abbreviation, the
translation of the statement by John of Salisbury, Bishop of Chartres, who
wrote in his Metalogicon, or Defense of the Trivium (1159):
"Nos esse quasi nanos, gigantium humeris insidentes, ut possimus plura eis
et remotiora videre, non utique proprii visus acumine, aut eminentia
corporis, sed quia in altum subvenimur et extollimur magnitudine
Gigantea."
["We are like dwarfs on the shoulders of giants, so that we can see more
than they, and things at a greater distance, not by virtue of any
sharpness of sight on our part, or any physical distinction, but because
we are carried high and raised up by their giant size."]
We imagine that Phillip would probably have appreciated not only the
fullness of John's prose, but also its melodiousness in the original
Latin.

Hummingbirds: Flying backwards efficiently

According to Dr Sapir, the most important finding of the study was that flying backwards uses a similar amount of energy to flying forwards, both of which were more efficient than hovering.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/19731176

[Hummingbirds swivel their wrists in a figure 8 pattern, while other birds swivel their shoulders.]

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=hummingbird&id=0396CC610D5F773D3C55F022C323AFAAB4256455&FORM=IQFRBA

He continued, "During backward flight, the bird's body is held in [a] much more upright posture. We were expecting the body will experience a much higher drag and that the bird will need to invest much more work to overcome this drag."

Further investigation using life-sized models determined that drag during backward flight is only slightly higher than when the bird is flying forward.

"[This is] probably because drag forces are relatively negligible at flight in relatively slow airspeeds, as characterising backward flight," he said.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8091944.stm
High speed hummers beat jets

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7205086.stm
Bird flight based on single angle flapping

Namakw Nomadic Dome(s)tic

A possible tie-in
http://tletl.blogspot.com/2012/09/societys-necklace.html
kusa/kosa/kosei cf khoi-khoi-san of namakwa/kalahari SW Africa
 "noma/nomatka/nomatzinco(Nauatl)=forever" cf namakwa/nomadic/dome(s)tic

http://tlatlatzolteotl.blogspot.com/2012/09/toyelkalce.html?showComment=1348343118673#c405648861778979850

http://news.yahoo.com/african-hunter-gatherers-offshoots-earliest-human-split-172227290.html

The Khoe-San people of southern Africa, who speak a language based on

clicking sounds, are descendants of the most ancient genetic split

found yet in living humans, finds an international group of

scientists.



The results also reveal some of the evolutionary changes that helped

give rise to modern humanity.



Anatomically modern humans (us), evolved about 200,000 years ago in

Africa. Differences between people living today and our evolutionary

relatives include much less pronounced eyebrow ridges and larger

brains.



Much remains uncertain about how modern humans originated in Africa's

cradle of humanity. For instance, researchers had long thought humans

arose in eastern Africa, but recent studies hint at roots in southern

Africa. [Image Gallery: Our Closest Human Ancestor]



Khoe-San genes



To help uncover the origins of humanity, scientists analyzed genetic

variations across 220 individuals from 11 different populations in

southern Africa to explore their relationships and commonalities.

Approximately 2.3 million DNA variations were analyzed per person.



The investigators found the earliest diversification event in the

history of all humans occurred about 100,000 years ago. That is well

before modern humans migrated out of Africa and about twice as old as

the divergences of central African Pygmies and East African

hunter-gatherers and from other African groups, said researcher Carina

Schlebusch at Uppsala University in Sweden.



The descendants of this split are the Khoe-San people, the two

hunter-gatherer ethnic groups who are known for speaking with clicks

and share many other traits. Historically, the Khoe were pastoralists,

employing domesticated sheep and cattle, while the San were

hunter-gatherers.



It remains uncertain what exactly made the Khoe-San diverge and become

genetically isolated from other African groups.Still, "the African

continent is large, and there are geographic barriers to gene

flow,"researcher Mattias Jakobsson, also of Uppsala University, told

LiveScience.



"Another factor that might play a role in the isolation of African

populations is also the cycling of the ice ages," Schlebusch told

LiveScience."In Africa, you get stages of really arid conditions with

ice ages and we see population contractions."



The scientists aren't sure the purposes of the genetic variations that

set the Khoe-San apart. The extent to which each gene variation shapes

what people are like physically "is very, very hard to understand at

this stage," researcher Himla Soodyall at the University of the

Witwatersrand in South Africa told LiveScience.



Rise of modern humans



The researchers also identified genetic variations that emerged before

this split between the Khoe-San and other groups, adaptations linked

to the rise of modern humans as a whole. These appear linked with

skeletal development, such as bone and cartilage growth, as well as

immune system and brain cell function.



"There's one gene where if you have mutations in that gene, you get

heavy eyebrow ridges and rib cages that look like something that could

potentially be Neanderthal or archaic human," Jakobsson told

LiveScience. This finding suggests that further analysis of these

African groups "will help us understand the emergence of anatomically

modern humans."



Instead of pinpointing a single location from which modern humans

arose, the genetic analysis revealed "different parts of Africa show

up as potentially being the origin of anatomically modern humans,"

Jakobsson said. That suggests many different groups contributed to the

gene pool "that then later on became anatomically modern humans," he

explained.



The research also yielded insights on how pastoralism first spread to

southern Africa. Among the Nama, a pastoralist Khoe group, the

scientists found a small but very distinct genetic component that is

shared with east Africans — for instance, the cattle-herding Maasai.



"We postulate that this east African component was introduced by east

African groups that brought pastoralist practices to southern Africa,"

Schlebusch said.



In addition, the northern San populations differed from the southern

San in terms of their immune systems. "We know the southern San

populations had more contact with Bantu-speaking individuals and also

incoming colonists that colonized South Africa in the 1600s, so it

might be that the southern San populations were exposed to more novel

diseases than northern San populations which were more isolated,"

Schlebusch said.