Forest: latin, outside of house (forum, foris)
Arbor: french, tree
Silva: latin, forest (cf agri - field acre, arbori - tree), herb/arb
Endura: mbuti, interior of forest (endu = interior of dome hut)
So the term for 'the woods' is dependent upon authors' perspective & reference point, "inside/outside" of what? In Rome and London, the forest/woods was
outside the city walls/fences and were managed by the kings' forest rangers/guards, while the wooded parklands were
inside the city walls/fences and were managed by arborists/gardeners.
Forest related words From Carlos Lascaux
...paa(Th)=woods/
forest,=pa(middle chinese)=meadow. also, Bantu(Gens)= B/pan-tu(letra/reversal)=topan(N)=over us(their God, the forest)= paa(thai). the chinese=pa=pan(N)=place, apan(N)=river(water/atl/apan).
Cuauhnauac(N)=
woods4/trees4, and, the city/ciuia(N/verb)=stimulate(E) is
surrounded by forest.
starling: this bird and its wider species follow the plow, has known man and learned from him since agriculture/
forest clearings
sea age 2ka a continuation of the nomad deer age. even the word, mast(E)=masta(W.Germ)=
mastr(ONorse/MLG)=mazdos(WIE/West.Indo-Euro), then connects to, mast(E)=fruit of
forest trees,=mast(OHG)=mazdos(WIE)=meat(E)=maz(OHG)=mazatl(N/7 Tona)=deer.
with boat mast=mastro(Portugues)=mastil(sp).
mazatl(N/7) has close relationship to maze(E), to mastr(ONorse)=ma(s)t/l/r
(letra)=matlatl(N)=net, ah, the mast where the netting hangs, and, the word,
noma/nomatka/nomatzinco(N)=nomad(Fr/Lat/Gk)=no matlatl(N)=no/my net/matlatl=
ma(N)=hunt land/sea with net,=atlatl(N)=throwing stick,=at/l/r-at/l/r=arrow=
dart(E)=d/t/tl-ar/l/tl(letra)=a-tl-atl(N), with the d being the d/t/l-atl/art.
dart(E)=tart(OHG)=t/l-ar/l/t/l(letra). fool with r/l/t/l, and, t/l/r/l/t/l
before you tell me Letra doesn't work, por favor. Tlaloc/Rarog, too.
RDeer. the Mazatlan practice shamanism= chamaua(N)=eulogize/xamani(N)=destroy. their ancestors enter
trees= treow(OE)=Teotl(N)upon dying and from there guide the living. deer milk made into cheese tastes like sharp Parmesan. 2004 Mazat/ Dukha herdsman had 97 head, tourism arrived, thousands of $ to see a red deer, but none of that money got to the Dukha/Toca(N). [tocharian?]
Okhotsk=Ocotl Tochin(N)= Pine(
forest)Conejo/Cony=Bobcat
...onicma(N)=i knew it, i found it out; i learned it,=aenigma(Lat), -mat-=mati(N)=know,=ainigma(Gk)=enigma(E)=riddle in verse=uta(Japonica)= otli(N)=route/order/vein=in uentli(N)=the offering,=odol(Basque)=(b)lood (E)=idol(E)=Odin/Wodin/Wo(r)ding.
tzocatl(N)=socket(E)/wrinkle=w(r)i(n)k(letra)= wick(e)=uic(N)=back and forth/row,=uictli(N)=shovel,=ahuictli(N)=oar, uica(N/verb)=vicar/govern/Viking(Norse)=uiquillia(N/rev)=quiller(Teuton). ...lolo(M)=papalotl(N)=butterfly,=m-lulu(Bantu=Topan/N/reversal/= over us, ah, the
Forest itself is their Deity.
http://tlatlatzolteotl.blogspot.com/
http://tletl.blogspot.com/search?q=forest
Dukha/Dukkha ...Tsaatan, short for Ma-zatlan(N)=DeerLand, southernmost reindeer/Mazatl (N/7 Tonalamatl)culture, Mongolian taiga, between Siberian Boreal
forest to the North and the Steppes of inner-Asia to the South. smallest ethnic minority in Mongolia
the Mazatlan practice shamanism= chamaua(N)=eulogize/xamani(N)=destroy. their ancestors enter
trees= treow(OE)=Teotl(N)upon dying and from there guide the living. [tocharian - toca?]
dukkha is the unsatisfactoriousness of life due to its clamor notorious, being to-/our being/-ca, not catching up to our imaginations running away with our potential=potli(N)=companion/brother(E), also poa(N)=power/flower/plower(E), which is paired with sukha= tzocatl(N)=socket/wrinkle/fill with tzo/mud(E), supposedly the asukha/azucar(sp)=sugar of life, if one can consider, as Xanthippe had to, Tzocrates, as sweet. the Wiki-etymology of these words is the late Buddhist Etym., atomized into unrecognizable mini-particles. but let's give it a try, as their roots hit paydirt when they mention the ancient Aryans=Airyani=Ailia yani(N)=allied pilgrims of the plain/ llano(sp) with their horse/cattle/oxen-drawn carts/tereg(Mongol)= the Castle/rook in chess(from Arabs), saying that -kha=sky, well the sky is a being, but kha/ca(N)all by itself=being, and is the soul of the Pharoah when he unwraps himself from his tomb for nightwalks when his stars are right. ...sukha=good axle=axictli(N)=waterspout that runs
Okhotsk=Ocotl Tochin(N)= Pine(
forest)Conejo/Cony=Bobcat
Hodsock=tzocatl(N)=wrinkle/socket(E). ...Matlock=Matlatl tloc(N)=beside the hand/net.
...Que(r)cus=Quech/c-ua(Inca)=Oquichtli(N)=O(r)chid. Onions goes all around the forest on this one, avoiding the O, but putting in every other combination of vowel making O, e.g., ac/aec(OE)=eiche(Ger)/ eik(ON)=aiks(CGerm), on the linguistic merry-go-round, even mistaking the name Acton for Oak related, but, Algodon(sp)=Cotton=A(l)c(o)ton, the cotton armor padding in fashion before metals, the cheap version after. in fact all names thought to be Oak, save Oakley and Noke, which could be, Noquia/Noquilia(N)=verter/spill//purge, have other antecedents, e.g., Agden, cf., Acton.
...lolo(M)=papalotl(N)=butterfly,=m-lulu(Bantu=Topan/N/reversal/= over us, ah, the Forest itself is their Deity.
(S)wa/waa/ua(N)h/th/tilinqui(N) ...or, Swahili=owns tongue/tili-nqui(N)=lingua(Lat)=lengua(sp). ...dunia(S)=world=d/Tonia(letra)=Tonatiuh(N)=Anthony, the Sun,= dunya(Arab)=dune(E)=tune(E)=tone(E)=Tonatiuh(N). dunes are solar. ...ulimwengu(S)=Ollin uentli co(N)=comes the (r)olling offering, i.e., the Sun, Tona, the Naui Ollin of the 5th Age. ...udongo(S)=soil=tzotl(N)=sod/sot/mud/soot,=od/oto(n)c/go(letra)= otocac/toca(N)=sow/sembrar y enterrar/bury. ...matope(S)=mud=m/zud(Mongol)=z/sod/soil(E)=s/z/tzotl(N),=ma/hand idol/toptli(N)=attob(Arab)=tob/tub(Egyptian)=adobe(Amerind)= the mud/tzotl for adobe/al-tob(Arab)=the brick=piccatl(N)=vulva (lipped being=renga/Japonica/=r/tentli ca(N)=tenca(N)=t/renga(J)=brick. ...kilima(S)=mountain/hill,=Colima(Mex/state)=Coliman(N)=maritime province on the Pacific vertiente, Mexico,=colli/culli(N)=abuelo/ abuela,=nocolhuan(N)=my ancestors,=ima(N)=his/their hands/ma(N). ancestors had a close relation with Tepetl=Te(m)ple, idented with mountains, e.g., Colima(N)=hands of(the)Grandfather. ...ziwa(S)=lake=tlaca(N)=body,=ciuatl(N)=woman,=Tzintli ua(N)= the Hon./saintly owner(E)=tzo atl(N)=blood water/atl(N). ...ghuba(S)=bay,=gubb/gubba/gubbat(Arab)=gh/g/cov/b(letra)=cove(E). ...mwitu(S)=wood/forest,=witu(OHG)=wood(E)=quauitl(N)=tree=treow(OE)= teotl(N),=kaede(Japonica)=maple,=keadar(Basque)=cedar(E)=(Al)qaeda (Arab)=vithr(ONorse)=withe/with/wide(E).
topan(N)=over us,=Pan-to(N/reversal)= P/Bantu(Afrikan tribe whose deity=the forest above them).
tree/ki(J) ...tricky=ticitl(N)=doctor/midwife,=tiger(E/birthing animal of the cave Venus,
the ocelotl/ocelome(N/plural);
wood=witu(OHG)=qua-uitl(N)=tree=t(r)eow(OE)=teotl(N)=teo theo deo, ke/keadar(Basque)=smoke/column of smoke,=cedar(E/tree)=kaede(J)=mapletree, =ka/qua-(u)itl/t/de(letra=J/N)=al qaeda(arab)=campfire/HQ,=tlalli quauitl(N)= earth/landtree. ki(J)=chi(N), trees are on top of, over, as the Bantu/Topan(N)= over us, noticed, their deity being the forest itself from which they received
everything. it turns out Neander/Neandra swam the strait of Gibralter near Ceuta=
ceuia(N)=nitla-ceuia(N)=ceui(N)=become cold, apagar el fuego,=Ceutlan(N)=place of
rest and frío, to get to europe, because the Bantu have a cave horizon, pygmy
dwarfs=d/t/z(w)a(r)p/f(letra)=zapa/zapatl(N)=dwarf(E)=zapatero(sp)=shoemaker/
schumacher=s/sh/xotl maca(N)=footmaker,=zapa/zhapa/hapa/japa(N)=Japan, and dwarfs
have an advantage in cave environs [BUT pygmies don't enter caves in Congo?] , pueden esconderse en lugares muy pequeños.
al principio, pensé, ki(J), de q(ua)uitl(N)/kitl, pero, si, ke(Basque)=smoke,
y quemar(sp)=burn=brinnan(OHG)=b/pinaua/opinauah(N)=hacerse rojizo(con verguenza),
pos, idioma viene del cuerpo mismo, entonces tiene, ki(J)=kaede(J) nexo con,
quauitl(N), e.g., kae/ki(J).
"the word string in Nauatl: Toptli/toptia=opt/obey, Tobey/Tobit/Topile/ topilli(N)=truncheon, made of topol(R)=poplarwood, the pruned tree. that Toptia/obey(E)later becomes brick in Egyptian/Arab is telling, as bricks/adobe obey where they are laid, edge to edge" [cf Tarim Basin China, Tocharians/tukhara/twgry/yuezhi/tokharoi toca/dukha? buried kin in poplar trunks or coffin boats of poplar]
Fire:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fire
Etymology: From Middle English fier, from Old English fȳr (“fire”), from West Germanic *fuïr, a regularised form of Proto-Germanic *fōr (“fire”) (compare West Frisian fjoer, Dutch vuur, Low German Für, German Feuer, Danish fyr), from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂ur (compare Hittite 𒉺𒀪𒄯 (paḫḫur), Umbrian pir, Tocharian A/B por/puwar, Czech pȳř (“hot ashes”), Ancient Greek πῦρ (pŷr, “fire”), Armenian հուր (hur, “fire”)). This was an inanimate noun whose animate counterpart was Proto-Indo-European *Hn̥gʷnis.
PIE pehur/pahur (pyre)
Mbuti apa
Malay api
Polynesian ahi
Ainu ape
Apalai Brazil apoto
Hebrew nura
Avestan atar
Turk dial. ot, ates
Latin dial. focu
Atlas berber afa
words around world for fire/ignite/oxidize:
Aché: tata
Afrikaans: vuur (af)
Ainu: アペ (ape)
Akkadian: 𒉈 (išātu) f.
Albanian: zjarr (sq) m.
Ama: ta
Amanayé: tata
Amharic: እሳት (am) (əsat) m.
Amundava: tata
Angaataha: sisɨha
Apalaí: apoto
Apiaká: tata
Arabic: نَارٌ (ar) (nār) f.
Egyptian Arabic: نار (nar) f.
Aragonese: fuego (an)
Aramaic: ܢܘܪܐ
Hebrew: נורא (nūrā’) f.
Syriac: ܢܘܪܐ (nūrā’) f.
Armenian: կրակ (hy) (krak), հուր (hy) (hur)
Aromanian: foc
Avestan: ātar
Aymara: nina (ay)
Azeri: od (az), atəş (az)
Baluchi: آس (ás), آچ (ác)
Bashkir: ут (ut)
Basque: su (eu)
Baure: yaki
Belarusian: агонь (be) (ahónʹ) m.
Bengali: আগুন (bn) (agun), অগ্নি (bn) (ôgni)
Borôro: joru
Breton: tan (br) m.
Bulgarian: огън (bg) (ógǎn) m.
Burmese: တေဇော (my) (tei zo)
Catalan: foc (ca) m.
Cebuano: kalayo
Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⴼⴰ (afa) m., ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵉ (timssi) f.
Chamicuro: kajchi
Chamorro: guafi (ch)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 火 (fo2)
Dungan: хуә
Mandarin: 火 (zh) (huǒ)
Min Dong: 火 (huōi)
Min Nan: 火 (hóe, hé)
Wu: 火 (hǔ)
Chuvash: вут (vut)
Coptic:
Bohairic: ⲭⲣⲱⲙ (ʔxrōm) m., ⲥⲁϯ (sati) f.
Sahidic: ⲕⲣⲱⲙ (ʔkrōm) m., ⲥⲁⲧⲉ (sate) f.
Cornish: tan (kw) m.
Corsican: focu (co)
Cree: ᐃᔥᑯᑌᐤ (cr) (ishkuteu)
Crimean Tatar: ot
Czech: oheň (cs) m.
Danish: ild (da) c.
Dolgan: уот (uot)
Dutch: vuur (nl) n.
Egyptian: 𓏴𓏏𓊮 (sdjt) f.
Esperanto: fajro (eo)
Estonian: tuli (et)
Evenki: того (togo)
Faroese: eldur (fo) m.
Finnish: tuli (fi)
French: feu (fr) m.
Old French: fu m., feu m.
Friulian: fûc
Gagauz: ateş
Galician: lume (gl) m.
Georgian: ცეცხლი (ka) (c'ec'xli), ალი (ka) (ali)
German: Feuer (de) n.
Greek:
Ancient: πῦρ (pyr) n.
Modern: φωτιά (el) (fotiá) f.
Hawaiian: ahi
Hebrew: אֵשׁ (he) (eš) f.
Hindi: आग (hi) (āg) f., अग्नि (hi) (agní), आतिश (hi) (ātiś)
Hittite: 𒉺𒀪𒄯 (paḫḫur) n.
Hungarian: tűz (hu)
Icelandic: eldur (is) m., bál (is) n.
Ido: fairo (io)
Igbo: ọku
Indonesian: api (id)
Irish: tine (ga) m.
Old Irish: teine m.
Italian: fuoco (it) m.
Japanese: 火 (ja) (ひ, hi), 燃焼 (ja) (ねんしょう, nenshō)
Javanese: geni (jv)
Kannada: ಬೆಂಕಿ (kn) (benki), ಅಗ್ನಿ (kn) (agni), ಕಿಚ್ಚು (kn) (kiccu)
Karachay-Balkar: от (ot)
Karakalpak: ot
Kazakh: от (kk) (ot)
Khakas: от (ot)
Khmer: ភ្លើង (km) (pləəng)
Korean: 불 (ko) (bul)
Kumyk: от (ot)
Kurdish:
Kurmanji: agir (ku) m., nar (ku) f.
Sorani: ئاگر (ku) (Agir)
Kyrgyz: от (ky) (ot)
Lao: ໄຟ (lo) (fai)
Latgalian: guņs f.
Latin: ignis (la) m., focus (la) m., flamma (la) f.
Latvian: uguns (lv) f.
Lithuanian: ugnis (lt)
Lombard: fööch
Low German: Füer (nds)
Luxembourgish: Feier (lb)
Macedonian: оган (mk) (ógan) m.
Malay: api (ms), pawaka (ms) (in archaic literature, obsolete)
Malayalam: തീ (ml) (thee), അഗ്നി (ml) (agni)
Maltese: nar (mt) f.
Maléku Jaíka: kúe
Manx: çhenney m.
Maori: ahi (mi)
Mapudungun: kütral, kvxal
Marathi: अग्नि (mr) (agni)
Middle Persian: ādur
Miskito: pata
Mongolian: гал (mn)
Nanticoke: tunt
Navajo: kǫʼ
Neapolitan: ffuoco
Nepali: आगो (ne) (Āgō)
Ngarrindjeri: keni
Nogai: от (ot)
Norwegian: ild (no) m.
Nynorsk: eld (no)
Novial: faire
Occitan: fuòc (oc)
Ojibwe: zaka'igewin, ishkode
Old Church Slavonic: огнь (ognĭ) m.
Old English: fyr (ang)
Old Norse: eldr m.
Old Provençal: fuoc
Old Prussian: pannu
Oriya: ଅଗ୍ନି (or) (agni)
Ossetian: арт (art)
Ottoman Turkish: آتش (âteş), نار (nâr), آذر (âzer)
Paumarí: siho
Pennsylvania German: feier
Persian: آتش (fa) (âtaš), آذر (fa) (âzar)
Old Persian: ātar
Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎 (ʾs)
Polish: ogień (pl) m.
Portuguese: fogo (pt) m.
Quechua: nina (qu)
Rapa Nui: ahi
Rohingya: ooin
Romani: jag
Romanian: foc (ro) n.
Romansch: fieu m., fö (rm) m.
Russian: огонь (ru) (ogónʹ) m.
Samoan: afi (sm)
Samogitian: ognis
Sanskrit: अग्नि (sa) (agní)
Scots: fire
Scottish Gaelic: teine (gd) m.
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ватра (sh) f., огањ (sh) m.
Roman: vatra (sh) f., oganj (sh) m.
Shor: от (ot)
Sicilian: focu (scn)
Sinhalese: ගින්න (si) (ginna)
Skolt Sami: toll
Slovak: oheň (sk) m.
Slovene: ogenj (sl) m.
Sotho: mollo (st)
Southern Altai: от (ot)
Spanish: fuego (es) m.
Sumerian: 𒉈 (NE)
Swahili: moto (sw)
Swedish: eld (sv) c., brand (sv) c.
Tagalog: apoy (tl)
Tahitian: please add this translation if you can
Tajik: оташ (tg) (otaš)
Tamil: நெருப்பு (ta) (noruppu)
Taos: phà’áne
Tatar: ут (tt) (ut), ялкын (tt) (yalqın)
Telugu: అగ్ని (te) (agni)
Thai: ไฟ (th) (fai)
Tibetan: མེ (bo) (me)
Tocharian A: por
Tocharian B: puwar
Turkish: ateş (tr)
Turkmen: ot (tk)
Tuvan: от (ot)
Tzotzil: k'ok'
Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎌𐎚 (ỉšt)
Ukrainian: вогонь (uk) (vohónʹ) m.
Urdu: آگ (ur) (āg) f., آتش (ur) (ātiś) f., اگنی (ur) (agní)
Uyghur: ئوت (ug) (ot)
Uzbek: oʻt (uz), otash (uz)
Venetian: fógo
Vietnamese: lửa (vi), hoả (vi) (rare) (火 (vi))
Vilamovian: faojer
Welsh: tân (cy) m.
West Frisian: fjoer n.
Xhosa: umlilo
!Xóõ: ǀʻàã
Yakut: уот (uot)
Yiddish: פֿײַער (yi) (fayer) m. and n.
Zhuang: feiz (za)
sukha/sukhot (Hebrew) harvest shack (English)
(originally round huts, became rectilinear due to population concentration in favorable markets)