Fire-Food: Xam- yam (nyummy), clam(ngulam), ham(pig+hound), shellfish(ketam), fish(ikan)
Earliest Human: fire spindrill (from Neanderthal) Xamax/Shamash (lamp/candle/Sumer sun god)
Xam-Mbo-Đằ-ya/Bách Việt (Chinese: 百越; pinyin: Bǎiyuè)
Xam+Mbo+tl-ay-a: champa/china=xiongua/cambodia/thai=atalaya/malaya/himba=bimbache(CI)
Earliest dog domestication: Mbotai, Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam; Kampot, Cambodia
Earliest horse domestication: Botai, Caspian-Crimea, Ukraine
http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/vietnam-in-photos/56181/exploring-the-four-special-dog-breeds-of-vietnam.html
http://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/special-report/13709/seeking-the-origin-of-phu-quoc-ridgeback.html
They are famous for hunting and protecting houses, for their friendship and loyalty to owners, and fearlessness against competitors.
http://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/special-report/13709/seeking-the-origin-of-phu-quoc-ridgeback.html
click to enlarge
Phu Quoc Ridgebacks
The Phu Quoc Dog is one of three rare dogs with a whorl on its back.They are famous for hunting and protecting houses, for their friendship and loyalty to owners, and fearlessness against competitors.
Phu Quoc DogsImage 3 of 3
Another point of interest in Phú Quôc is the island's native dog; this dog was originally a wild animal and later trained as a hunting dog by local people. These days they are very domesticated and it's unusual to go anywhere on the island without seeing one of these dogs! These animals have unusually sharp teeth (as they tear their food when they eat it rather than bite) and have claws that over the years have been conditioned for catching their prey and are razor sharp. [Note: the hairless Chinese crested, chihuahua and Peruvian mohawk dogs have unusual teeth, possibly related to the EDAR mutation which causes more eccrine sweat glands, smaller breasts and reduced hair in humans, this might be selected for in starch-digestion amylase production (dogs and humans have greatly increased amylase capacity vs wolves and apes).
An older man on Phu Quoc named Sau Khuong says there were at least three kinds of Phu Quoc ridgebacks a century ago.
One was found in Cua Can, Ba Trai, and Dong Ba and was small, weighed 12-16kg, but was swift and skillful in finding and chasing prey. A second kind was commonly found in Bac Dao and weighed around 20kg. It could bring down large prey like deer and take on wild boars. The smallest was found in Suoi Tranh and Suoi Da.
“It was so small that it could not climb past a fallen trunk but possessed an excellent sense of smell and was ferocious,” Chin Cua Dinh, a hunter and an island native, says.
A pack of hunting dogs has three to six individuals each with different skills like scenting, biting, and chasing. They are usually named after their skills. Thus, when a hunter shouts “Bite it” or “Chase it,” the dog named Bite or Chase would do the job.
Since hunters prefer dogs with colors that could blend into the forest, brown, yellow, grey, and black were the favorites, and white and those with spots are not liked much. Those with dew claws – a vestigial digit on the feet of many mammals -- are not preferred either since they could easily get stuck while hunting.
The leader of a pack must be sensitive to scents in the air to identify prey while the rest are good at picking up scents from the soil. The former therefore have a deep philtrum, the cleft beneath the noses of most mammals while the latter have shallow clefts.
Tapering bodies, deep chests, and shoulders that are lower than their bottoms indicate endurance and animals with these features are ideal for the long chase. Those with straight and slim legs are considered fast.
Hunter Minh Dia says a dog with a well-proportioned ridge running from shoulder to waist is battle-hardened. He also claims it is only good if tails incline left in males and right in females.
A major risk for the purebred Phu Quoc ridgeback comes from the popularity of the Thai ridgeback since some breeders intentionally cross them. Now there are an estimated 800 dogs bred in this manner in Vietnam.
The VKA is considering a ban on Phu-Thai ridgebacks participating in dog shows in Vietnam to protect the purebred Phu Quoc dogs, VKA member Bui Quoc Viet says.
“What we need now is World Canine Organization recognition for a primitive purebred Phu Quoc ridgeback, not for a new race of ridgeback.”
Vietnam has applied to the FCI to register the dog as a “primitive type of hunting dog with a ridge on the back” and it is now under consideration.
Tuoi Tre/Thanh Nien
http://dxing.at-communication.com/en/3w4jk_phu-quoc-island/
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http://www.wallpaperstravel.com/view/phu-quoc-island-vietnam-1280x800-travel.html
http://www.phu-quoc.de/pages_eng/karte_viet.html
http://www.terragalleria.com/black-white/vietnam/picture.viet50167-bw.html
http://discoveryindochina.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/thuyen-thung/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544937/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbo_people_(Cameroon)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_Region_(Cameroon)
Are these bowl boats (Vietnamese: Thung Chai) masted for sails, parasols, nets or rudder oars? Note the red lights on top, probably for night fishing, including squid.
Phu Quoc island is mountainous within a fairly flat lowland region of the Tonle Sap lake and Mekong delta. Phu Quoc, known as Koh Tral by Cambodians (Cambodia is only 12-15 km away), is the largest island of Vietnam. Situated in the Gulf of Thailand, the island is part of Kiên Giang province. Duong Dong, halfway up the western coast, is a pleasant, unremarkable seaport with several 'nuoc mam' (fish sauce) factories (and Dinh Cau, a temple to the Whale God, full of skeletons of whales and other marine mammals used by cult devotees). Kampot is just eastwards in mainland Cambodia also grows black pepper on its mountainsides. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampot_(town)
Quoc means national, I haven't found what the meaning of Phu Quoc is.
Diving around Phu Quoc island: north end 10m deep, south end 40m deep
Gulf of Thailand: A semi-enclosed extension of the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand lies between the Malay Peninsula and Indochina. Its shallow waters are largely fed by fresh river water inflow, principally from the Chao Phraya River. This river input gives the surface waters a relatively low salinity, while salt water from the main part of the South China Sea only enters deep down, pooling in areas deeper than 160 ft (50 m). Coral reefs thrive in the warm water, and there is a strong tourist industry based around good dive sites, such as the island of Ko Samui. Mangrove forests provide a buffer between land and sea along much of the coast, offering a habitat to many marine organisms
21ka - 8ka During the last Ice Age much of the Sunda Shelf of the South China Sea region was above sea level, with rainforest, wetlands and savanna: http://mnskuching.blogspot.com/2010/02/ice-age-mammals-of-borneo_07.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_lupus_pallipes Indian wolf, genetically closest to dogs,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_domestication Coppinger: "My argument is that what domesticated—or tame—means is to be able to eat in the presence of human beings. That is the thing that wild wolves can't do."[15]
Phu Quoc dogs, being long islanded smallish Asian wolves lost some of their predatorial nature/fear (cf dodo bird) before being domesticated/domed by humans. Women made and owned the dome huts/boats, allowed a favored female dog (bitch) subordinate status (protector against rape/theft of food supply), male humans had to bring food to woman for status/sex/domeshelter, while male wolfdogs were excluded from the dome but favorites were allowed/fed around the area during bitch's estrus which selected for social control. In Africa and west Asia/Europe, this changed, due to preferences of dogs especially for both bowl-boat/sled pulling and hunting, such as the "ari" Hottentot ridgeback hunting dog and Congo pygmy's basenji, these were sources of large/fierce northern dogs(mastiff/misatim~basenji/bay-bark+anjin/gou=dingo)
In 2008, re-examination of material excavated from Goyet Cave in Belgium in the late 19th century resulted in the identification of a 31,700 year old dog, a large and powerful animal who ate reindeer, musk oxen and horses. This dog was part of the Aurignacian culture that had produced the art in Chauvet Cave.[22][23]
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Addendum:
ReplyDelete
...part of the early slave trade, the Pear=Par(Fr)=pal(N)=(bound)for(market).Delete
...rotak(P)=bean=etl(N),=tataca(N)=dig/hoe=
Coatl(N/5 Tonalamatl))=coatl(N)=tool of copper
with wodden handle; type of shovel or azadón(sp)=
hoe=howa(AL)=houwa(OHG)=coatl(N).
...houm(P)=bathe,=pom(Mayan)=popoca(N)=perfume.
...phlouh(P)=blow(E)=plow(E)=power/flower(E)=
poa/opouh(N).
...tok(P)=boat=potli(N),=toca(N)=to/our being/ca,=tloc(N)=beside,=dock/locate.
...khos(P)=charcoal(E)=kh/ch/Coatl(N/5 Tona).
...goul(P)=cloud=cotona(N),=coloa(N)=coil/curl.
...thim(P)=cook=icuci/cuxtia/ixca/oicac(N),=
timaloa(N)=supperate(pun), e.g., boil&boil=
olinia(N).
...khmuc(P)=die,=kh/k/ca muchi(N)=being all.
...ches(P)=deer,=ce(N)=one offering=uentli(N)=
ciervo/cerf, but, chia/chie/ochix(N)=to wait
for someone, e.g., oc xic-chia(N)=wait a bit.
...hauc(P)=die,=h/th/toca(N)=sow and bury, e.g.
le tocó(sp)=it touched him.
...pik(P)=dig,=pi/opic(N)=pick(E).
...lak(P)=drag(E)=dr/tlaca(N)=body.
...tak(P)=drink(E)=i(N),=tlaca(N)=body.
...poul(P)=drunk,=poliuhqui(N)=pulque/polluted,and, potli(N)=pool(E).
...tea(P)=duck,=teal=telink(MLG)=teling(Du)=
tleco(N)=to rise/leg. of unkn. origin says
Onions.
...thuk/touk(P)=East(where Sun rises),=to/our
being/ca, tonalli(N)=soul of our Universe.
...BeOThuk=be/peua Ollin Toca(N)=begins in
the Holy East/Our Being, say the Toniit.
...thek(P)=earth=hearth/heart=tletl(N)=fire,=
tleco(N)=to rise/leg/location.
...toun(P)=egg,=Tonatiuh(N)=the yolk Sun.
...mat(P)=eye=meya/omex(N)=me(J)=metl(N)=mati
(N)=to know,=ma/oma(N)=hunt land/sea with net=
matlatl(N).
...phleo(P)=fire/pyre(E)=piloa(N)=spill(E).
...jan(P)=gibbon,=yani(N)=pilgrim, uan(N)=
relation(to be frank).
...hak(P)=give,=maca(N)=hand be,=h/th/t/tlaca=
body, in Nauatl.
...tou(P)=go,=-to(N/verb declension=towards)=
to go/ir(sp).
...suc(P)=hair=tzontli(N),=tzocatl(N)=wrinkle,
=socket/sock(E)=zoka(J)=creation.
...ti(P)=hand=h/th/t/tlan d/tli=tlantli(N)=
antler(E)=tooth/diente(sp),=maite(Basque)=mate
(E)=te(J)=hand,=aite(J)=mate/spouse, ai(J)=love/blue=matlalli(N)=netland.
Pears speak SeaLang, shipped in by Japanese/
Arab Sea people, cf., Cema Naga(Assam), who
underwent similar pillage.- ...Pearic:Delete
...ou(P)=father,=otosan/otona(J)=oyaji(J):
...kantun(P)=rabbit,=ka/ca tonatiuh(N)=sun being
...kos(P)=hawk,=Cozcacuauhtli(N/16 Tona)=king
Buzzard,=cozcatl(N)=cross(E)=kosa(J)=crossing.
...tos(P)=head,=tozcatl(N)=t/th(r)o(zc)oat/l=
throat(e):
...chil(P)=heart/mind,=chilli(N)=red pepper.
...mis(P)=name(E)=na-miqui(N)=marry/struggle;
nami(J)=wave/billow,=-nami(J/sfx)=treat someone as one of the family.
...tao(P)=pod/ear,=tlaolli(N)=take corn off
the cob,=tha(Otomitl Amerind=otome(J)=maiden)=
corn.
...rap(P)=wash,=r/tlapacatl(N)=lavar ropa(sp)/
wash,=rap(OE/OFrisian)=r/t/lapa(N)=rope=
nawa(J)=Nauatl(N).
"note eliding (l)of ko(l)ko, the k/g shift of ko(l)ko/go(l)go. .."
pukul (Malay) beat (gong/clock)
pulku (Lapp) boat (pulled sledboat)
pulling makes path = direction
punting/poking = suck(el)ing out/in, socket
harpoon hook-barb + punt/spoon?
ReplyDeletepukul (Malay) beat (gong/clock)
pulku (Lapp) boat (pulled sledboat)
pulling makes path = direction
punting/poking = suck(el)ing out/in, socket
harpoon hook-barb + punt/spoon?
...suck(E)=tzocatl(N)=sugar(E)=azucar(sp).
...poling(E)=each of 2 points in celestial/ocelot(N/14 Tonalamatl)=sphere,=potli(N)=
pool/punt/pull/both forward and back, side to side,=
patla(N)=swap/paddle.
ReplyDelete...poling(E)=each of 2 points in celestial/ocelot(N/14 Tonalamatl)=sphere,=potli(N)=
pool/punt/pull/both forward and back, side to side,=
patla(N)=swap/paddle.
"...thim(P)=cook=icuci/cuxtia/ixca/oicac(N),=
timaloa(N)=supperate(pun), e.g., boil&boil=
olinia(N)."
Thimbu River, roiling whitewater to Bhutan
Himba(ghee-jelled-greased hair)/Tibet(ghee-oiled bowlboat yakskin)/Himalaya(rim(e)-layered/land)
"...ches(P)=deer,=ce(N)=one offering=uentli(N)=
ciervo/cerf, but, chia/chie/ochix(N)=to wait
for someone, e.g., oc xic-chia(N)=wait a bit. "
ches, cf schield, wait at river (on shore or in bowlboat) for deer/horses to swim river, use punt-pole with end loop to slip over its head (but not strangle) cf lariat la riat/lasso/(Lhasa?)/toss(tos(P) head) (later cowboys on horses hand(h)eld rope "spoke"=punt, keeping a circle of rope spinning by partial twisting it in palm cf Chinese circle/wheel=gulu, net=gu; Malay 10 =se-pulu = punt + hoop = 1 + 0); pony-polo
"...mis(P)=name(E)=na-miqui(N)=marry/struggle;
nami(J)=wave/billow,=-nami(J/sfx)=treat someone as one of the family"
Namaqualand(Botswana) = Nagaland(Assam) = NamViet(old name)=Nam Yueh(Chin)~Yueh Zhi(PIE Toch?)
Han/Xionghua vs Hun/Xiongnu
"...suc(P)=hair=tzontli(N),=tzocatl(N)=wrinkle,
=socket/sock(E)=zoka(J)=creation."
suc = hair = fiber(hemp/kemp) of rope loop(cycle=socket) tossed/cassok-khazakh = Botai/XmBotlay/Khampa horse herders
Kokonor: Kham homeland; Numerous rivers, including the Mekong, Yangtze, Yalong Jiang, and the Salween flow through Kham.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kham
http://thomaslkelly.smugmug.com/REPORTAGE/TIBETAN-DIASPORA/8368547_BTHk6v#!i=549014374&k=4r3nrL8
http://thomaslkelly.smugmug.com/EXHIBITION/Native-Graces/6984693_4jPH58/447036476_RcftrgR#!i=447036476&k=RcftrgR
Bhotia people, Cham dances, Kham horsemen, turquoise
timaloa(N)=supperate(pun), e.g., boil&boil=
olinia(N)."
Thimbu River, roiling whitewater to Bhutan
Himba(ghee-jelled-greased hair)/Tibet(ghee-oiled bowlboat yakskin)/Himalaya(rim(e)-layered/land)
"...ches(P)=deer,=ce(N)=one offering=uentli(N)=
ciervo/cerf, but, chia/chie/ochix(N)=to wait
for someone, e.g., oc xic-chia(N)=wait a bit. "
ches, cf schield, wait at river (on shore or in bowlboat) for deer/horses to swim river, use punt-pole with end loop to slip over its head (but not strangle) cf lariat la riat/lasso/(Lhasa?)/toss(tos(P) head) (later cowboys on horses hand(h)eld rope "spoke"=punt, keeping a circle of rope spinning by partial twisting it in palm cf Chinese circle/wheel=gulu, net=gu; Malay 10 =se-pulu = punt + hoop = 1 + 0); pony-polo
"...mis(P)=name(E)=na-miqui(N)=marry/struggle;
nami(J)=wave/billow,=-nami(J/sfx)=treat someone as one of the family"
Namaqualand(Botswana) = Nagaland(Assam) = NamViet(old name)=Nam Yueh(Chin)~Yueh Zhi(PIE Toch?)
Han/Xionghua vs Hun/Xiongnu
"...suc(P)=hair=tzontli(N),=tzocatl(N)=wrinkle,
=socket/sock(E)=zoka(J)=creation."
suc = hair = fiber(hemp/kemp) of rope loop(cycle=socket) tossed/cassok-khazakh = Botai/XmBotlay/Khampa horse herders
Kokonor: Kham homeland; Numerous rivers, including the Mekong, Yangtze, Yalong Jiang, and the Salween flow through Kham.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kham
http://thomaslkelly.smugmug.com/REPORTAGE/TIBETAN-DIASPORA/8368547_BTHk6v#!i=549014374&k=4r3nrL8
http://thomaslkelly.smugmug.com/EXHIBITION/Native-Graces/6984693_4jPH58/447036476_RcftrgR#!i=447036476&k=RcftrgR
Bhotia people, Cham dances, Kham horsemen, turquoise
Ly Son island corracle http://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/travel/11377/ly-son-island.html
Guanche (Canari island language), Dravidian/Cham-Xambotlaya:
| Bimbache | A people from Hierro | Vin-bach ("Land of the Brave") |
| Canarias | "Island of the Dogs" | Cham-ari ("Island of Cham") 3 |
| Chenech (or Chinech or Achinech) | Local name of Tenerife | Che-nek ("Pure Land") 4 |
| Echeyde (Teyde) | "The Luminous One" | Ecch-eyd or Chey-ide ("The White (or Fiery or Shiny) Mountain") |
| Gomera | One of the Canaries | Gomeda ("Fat Cattle") 5 |
| Guacimara | Name of a royal princess | Kaci-mara ("Golden Beauty") |
| Guanche | (See note 6) | Cham-che ("The Golden Heroes") 6 |
3) Pliny, in his Natural History, affirms that the name of "Canaria" derives from the many dogs found on the island (Canis, in Latin). This is an exoterism, and the name indeed derives from that of Cham, the patriarch of the Chamites (or Ethiopians), the fallen ones. In reality, the word Cham means precisely the same as "Ethiopian" or "burnt-faces". The Dravidian etyms of the word Cham are highly enlightening. The word means both "artificer", "smith", "architect", as well as "fallen", destroyed", "dead", "terminated". Both in Dravida and in the Biblical tradition, the name of Cham is also interpreted as meaning "dog", "doggish".
The suffix ari- of "Canary" means "island", "cliff", "rock", in Dravida, and implies the idea of a sunken land whose peaks remained above the water. Hence, the Canaries are the Island of the Artificers who engendered Creation; the Fallen Angels or Nephelim, who "fell" (or died or were exterminated) at the end of their era, becoming damned dogs. In other words, the Guanches are "the People of Cham" (Guan-che or Cham-che), an etym (etymology)not unrelated to that of "Dog" and to that of the Canaries. (See Note 6, below).
http://www.atlan.org/articles/guanche_dravida/No, canari from Cham ari from XamBa Ari (people dog, or people of the dog, = arian/ainu/arinu/kenari/canari)
From German Dziebel's blog Anthropogeny: Dogs, yaks, people domesticationGokcumen et al. (2013) have identified a few interesting facts. First, contrary to the earlier accounts of “Neandertal admixture” in the human genome that failed to detect traces of it among African foragers, they found NE1 in 13% of their Mbuti Pygmy sample. This is precisely what out-of-America II predicts: modern humans with roots in a Eurasian hominin such as Neandertals or Denisovans colonized every remote corner of the world, including the African tropics. Second, they
“found that variation within African NE1 haplotypes is significantly higher than variation within Asian and European NE1 haplotypes (p<10 sup="">−15
“found that variation within African NE1 haplotypes is significantly higher than variation within Asian and European NE1 haplotypes (p<10 sup="">−15
)….”But despite the higher variation within African NE1 haplotypes, the frequency of those haplotypes are the highest outside of Africa and, especially in America. This means that diversity is no indication of a population’s age. Plain simple. It’s likely that it shows the relaxation of a selective constraint in this region and the corresponding increase in mutation rate, which is something to be expected from a regulatory gene. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) metrics seem to support this interpretation (Amerindians again not represented):
“To understand the genomic composition upstream of the APOBEC3 locus, we first examined the phase I SNP data from the 1000 Genomes Project and identified an unusually strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) block spanning approximately 36 kb (NE1 locus, hg18 – chr22:37,600,063–37,636,026). This LD block is evident in Eurasian (CEU and CHB/JPT) populations but is absent in the Yoruban (YRI) population.”
The increase of genetic diversity as a result of the relaxation of selective constraints is something that is well described for some of modern humans’ companion species such as domesticated dogs and domesticated yaks following the domestication. A similar process must have affected their owners, too.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear_people